a swelling in the thigh

a swelling in the thigh

1. anatomy of the thigh

   • medial compartment
     • adductor brevis
     • adductor magnus
     • Adductor longus
     • gracilis
     • obturator externus
       • • action
           • adduction of thigh
         • innervation
           • obturator nerve
   • posterior compartment
     • biceps femoris
     • semitendinosis
       • • innervation
           • sciatic nerve
         • action
           • flexion and extension of knee
     • semimembranosis
     • hamstring part of adductor magnus
   • adductor canal
     • contents
       • saphenous vein
       • vastus medialis nerve
       • femoral vein and artery
     • boundaries
       • roof
         • sartorius
       • lateral
         • vastus medialis
       • floor
         • adductor magnus and longus
   • anterior compartment
     • quadriceps
       • vastus medialis
       • vastus intermedius
       • vastus laterallis
         • • innervation
             • femoral nerve
           • action
             • flexiom of hip extension of knee
       • rectus femoris
     • iliopsoas muscle
     • sartorius
     • pectineus
   • cutaneous nerve supply
     • medial thigh
       • obturator nerve
     • anterior
       • femoral nerve's cutaneous branches
     • lateral
       • lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
     • posterior
       • posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
   • bones
     • femur
     • tibia
     • fibulla
     • patella
     • in cases of pain
       • physical examination of knee
         • observation
           • standing
             • gait
             • posture
             • knee shape
             • symmetry
             • muscle
           • lying down
             • muscle condition
             • skin
             • valgus and varus
         • palpation
           • patella tapping
           • swelling
           • temperatur
         • movements
           • flexion
           • extension
         • special tests
           • patellar subluxation test
           • valgus test
           • varus

2. osteosarcoma

   • management and prognosis
     • depends on
       • stage
       • size of tumor
     • pharmacological treatment
       • anticancer agents
         • cytotoxic
         • alkylating
         • antimetabollites
       • chemotherapy
         • adjuvant
         • primary
         • neoadjuvant
   • pathophysiology
     • outwards cortical growth
     • inner invasion of bone (medullary)
     • malignant proliferation
       • osteoblasts
       • fibroblasts
       • chondroblasts
   • risk factors
     • genetic
       • mutation in p53
       • mutation in retinoblastoma
     • gender
     • age

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