Mr Ghassan's Yellow Spots

Mr Ghassan's Yellow Spots

1. What is hypertension?

   • It is a condition where the blood pressure is higher than normal
   • It is due to long term force of blood against artery walls is high enough that it can lead to heart diseases

2. Classification of Hypertension

   • Normal - 120/<80
   • Elevated - 120-129/<80
   • Stage 1 Hypertension - 130-139/80-89
   • Stage 2 Hypertension - >140/>90
   • Hypertensive Crisis - >180/>120

3. Control of Blood Pressure

   • Rapid Control
     • Controlled by baroreceptors
     • Present in aortic arch & carotid sinus
     • Involved with rapid increase/decrease of BP
   • Long Term Control
     • Controlled by renin angiotensin aldosterone system
     • Mainly occurs in the kidney
     • Involved with long term increase/decrease of BP

4. Causes of Hypertension

   • Primary
     • Age
     • Diabetes
     • Diet high in salt
     • Inc consumption of coffee
     • Family history
     • Alcohol consumption
   • Secondary
     • Obstructive sleep apnea
     • Kidney disease
     • Adrenal gland tumors
     • Thyroid issues
     • Congenital defects

5. Complications of Hypertension

   • Heart Attack/Failure
   • Aneurysm
   • Weakened/narrowed vessels in kidney
   • Thickened or torn vessels of the eye
   • Metabolic syndrome
   • Dementia

6. Management of Hypertension

   • Antihypertensives
     • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
     • Angiotensin II receptor blockers
     • Anti adrenergics
     • Ca channel blockers
     • Diuretics
     • Direct vasodilators
   • Lifestyle Modifications
     • Weight loss
     • Exercise
     • Reduce salt consumption
     • Limit alcohol consumption
     • Quit smoking
     • Reduce stress

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