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3890286
The Behaviourist Approach
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Chapter 4: Approaches in Psychology (Page 106-107)
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27/10/15
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Dominique Fernan
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Dominique Fernan
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Resource summary
The Behaviourist Approach
Assumptions
Only interested in studying behaviour that can be observed and measured
John Watson rejected introspection
Used lab experiments to maintain control
Behaviourists identify 2 important forms of learning: classical and operant conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is learning through assossiation
Operant Conditioning
Skinner suggested that learning is active process
There are 3 types of consequences of behavior
Positive Reinforcement: receiving a reward when a certain behavior is performed
Negative Reinforcement; occur when an individual avoids something unpleasant
Punishment: an unpleasant consequence for a certain behavior
Evaluation
Scientific credibility: focuses on measuring observable behavior within controlled lab settings
Real-life applications: basis of token economy system. Classical conditions can treat phobias
Mechanistic View on behavior: animals are seen as passive and machine-like responders to the enviroment
Environmental determinism: ignores any possible influence of free will
Ethical and Practical issues: used animals therefore can't relate to humans. Unethical for skinners rts
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