3904452
Description
Mind Map by zoe_whitwell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by zoe_whitwell
over 8 years ago
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PAIN
- DEFINITION: an
unpleasant sensory and
emotional experience,
associated with actual or
potential tissue damage,
or described in terms of
such
- Acute: normal response to trauma
- Recurrent: intense
episodes interspersed
with no pain (benign)
- Chronic (non-cancer): constant
daily pain for 3+ months
- Chronic pain problems
- Chronic Treatment Trap
- Chronic Medication Trap
- "Take it easy" trap
- Chronic Resentment Trap
- Chronic Treatment Trap
- Chronic pain problems
- Sub-acute: transition
from acute to chronic
- Chronic progressive
pain: increases in
unison with
underlying condition
- Acute: normal response to trauma
- Pathophysiology
- Categorisation
- Nociception:
pain arising
from actual
or
threatened
tissue
damage
- Neuropathic pain:
may be caused by a
dysfunction in the
CNS or PNS,
frequently involves
spontaneous pain in
the absence of
identifiable stimuli
- Nociception:
pain arising
from actual
or
threatened
tissue
damage
- Neural Mechanisms
- A-delta fibres: small,
myelinated; transmit
fast sharp pain
messages
- Enter spine
at dorsal
horn;
project to
thalamus
and sensory
areas of
cortex
- Enter spine
at dorsal
horn;
project to
thalamus
and sensory
areas of
cortex
- C-fibres: large,
unmyelinated;
transmit aching,
slow pain messages
- Project to
thalamus, limbic
and cortical areas
- Project to
thalamus, limbic
and cortical areas
- A-beta fibres:
everything is ok
messages
- A-delta fibres: small,
myelinated; transmit
fast sharp pain
messages
- Neurochemsitry
- Bradykinin and prostaglandins
- Released by tissue damage
- stimulate pain neurons; major producers of pain
- stimulate pain neurons; major producers of pain
- Released by tissue damage
- Glutamate and
Substance P
- Act in spinal cord to increase neural firings
- Substance P
secreted by pain
fibres and
crosses synapse
to T cells; triggers
firing
- Part of the Gate
Mechanism
- Substance P
secreted by pain
fibres and
crosses synapse
to T cells; triggers
firing
- Act in spinal cord to increase neural firings
- Bradykinin and prostaglandins
- Categorisation
- Models of Pain
- BioPsychoSocial
- Pain comprised
of physical,
psychological
and
environmental
(social) aspects
- Fordyce's Aspects of Pain
- Nociception
- tissue damage
- tissue damage
- Pain
- perceived
nociceptive
input
- perceived
nociceptive
input
- Suffering
- Affective
- Affective
- Pain behaviour
- behaviour to nociception
- Avoidance learning
- Learned pain
beahviours
- Avoidance learning
- behaviour to nociception
- Nociception
- Pain comprised
of physical,
psychological
and
environmental
(social) aspects
- BioPsychoSocial
- Gate
Theory
(Melzac
and Wall)
- A-beta fibres
fire to keep the
gate closed,
controlling the
flow of pain to
the brain
- A-delta and C-fibres fire
above a threshold, opens
the gate and pain
messages are sent to the
brain
- messages coming down
from the brain can also
open and close the gate
- central sensitization: increase in
excitability of neurons in CNS; pain still
experienced after tissue damage heals (chronic pain)
- A-beta fibres
fire to keep the
gate closed,
controlling the
flow of pain to
the brain
- Treatment
- Behaviour Therapy
- Rewards for
well beh's
- Decrease
rewards for
pain beh's
- Reduce
avoidance
beh's
- Increase fitness
- Rewards for
well beh's
- CBT
- Change
cognitions to
change beh's,
thoughts and
emotions
- Insight into self-defeating patterns
- Challenge them
- Challenge them
- Increase self-efficacy
- Problem-solving
- Biofeedback
and
relaxation
- Setting achievable goals
- Insight into self-defeating patterns
- Change
cognitions to
change beh's,
thoughts and
emotions
- Behaviour Therapy
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