3906250
Description
Mind Map by zoe_whitwell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by zoe_whitwell
over 8 years ago
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DEPRESSION
- Models of Depression
- Cognitive Behavioural Model
- Biological
- Genetics
- Indirect biological mechanisms
- Neurotransmitter models
- Changes in NT related to stress
- Changes in the structure of
the brain associated with
depression
- Changes in
hormones and
inflammatory
responses
- Changes in NT related to stress
- Sleep
- Some evidence
suggests sleep
problems precede
depression
- Some evidence
suggests sleep
problems precede
depression
- Neurotransmitter models
- Genetics
- Cognitive
- Depressive schemas
- Maladaptive beliefs
- Information
processing (attention/memory)
negatively biased
- Rumination
- Negative
automatic
thoughts
- Pessimism
- Depressive schemas
- Social
- Early experiences
developing schema
(negative triad - self,
world, future
- Attachment and temperament
- Social support (family
experiences, intimate
relationships)
- Early experiences
developing schema
(negative triad - self,
world, future
- Biological
- Cognitive Behavioural Model
- Assessment and Diagnosis
- Cognitive Behavioural Theory
- Conducted on immediate experience
- Identify affective
responses, cognitions
during events, and
behavioural responses
- Further assessment
may be conducted on
past events
- Context for developing schemas
- Patterns of thinking established early in life
- Behavioural responses
based on past experiences
- Context for developing schemas
- Conducted on immediate experience
- Clinical Tools
- DSM5
- Interviews and
questionnaires
- ICD-10
- DSM5
- Case history
and context
- Cognitive Behavioural Theory
- BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS
- Bipolar I disorder: manic preceded or followed by MDE
- Bipolar II disorder: hypomania preceded or followed by MDE
- Substance induced Bipolar and related disorders
- Bipolar and related disorders due to medical condition
- Bipolar I disorder: manic preceded or followed by MDE
- Depressive Disorders
- Disruptive dysregulation mood disorder
- Severe recurrent
temper outburts
manifested
verbally and/or
behaviourally that
are grossly out of
proportion in
intensity or
durations to the
situation ("rages")
- Severe recurrent
temper outburts
manifested
verbally and/or
behaviourally that
are grossly out of
proportion in
intensity or
durations to the
situation ("rages")
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Five or more of the following
symptoms present for two
weeks and present a major
change in functioning
- Depressed mood
- Diminished
interest in pleasure
- Significant weight
loss/change
- Sleep distrubance
- Psychomotor
agiitation (noticed
by oithers
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Dimiinished ability to think
- Recurrent thoughts of death/suicidal ideation
- Suicidal ideation is a fearture of a number of disorders
- Suicidal behaviours can result from symptoms other
than depressed mood
- Psychotic symptoms (delsuions and hallucaintions)
- Psychotic symptoms (delsuions and hallucaintions)
- Suicidal ideation is a fearture of a number of disorders
- Depressed mood
- Five or more of the following
symptoms present for two
weeks and present a major
change in functioning
- Persistent Depressive
Disorder (Dysthymia)
- Depressed mood for most of
the day, more days than not,
for at least 2 years
- Double depression
- Depressed mood for most of
the day, more days than not,
for at least 2 years
- Post Natal Depression
- Affects 14% of women
who give birth
- Neuroticism and
introversion associated
with 4-6x risk
- Severe repercussions for mother
and baby if left untreated (long
term implications)
- Affects 14% of women
who give birth
- Disruptive dysregulation mood disorder
- Special populations
- Adolescents
- Critical period for
vulnerability to
depression 15-18
years
- Risk of depressed
symptoms rises
14-15 years
- Risk of depressed
symptoms rises
14-15 years
- Low mood or
dysthymic
disorder prior to
age 21 lasts
longer/ more
treatment
resistant
- Symptoms similar to
adult presentation
- Risks at this time: bullying,
peer group isolation, problems
at home, illness
- Critical period for
vulnerability to
depression 15-18
years
- Men
- Lower rates than women but less
likely to seek help
- Higher risk for
suicide
- Australian men in rural settings
have higher rates of suicide
compared to metro men
- Lower rates than women but less
likely to seek help
- Elderly
- 6-15% suffer from MDD
and more from milder
forms
- Aypical
presentations inc.
somatic
symptoms
- 6-15% suffer from MDD
and more from milder
forms
- Adolescents
- Depression and Relationships
- Interactional
Nature of
Depression (Coyne)
- Negative reassurance
seeking behaviours place
strain on interpersonal
relationships
- Negative reassurance
seeking behaviours place
strain on interpersonal
relationships
- Self-verification Theory
- Individuals with negative
views solicit negative
information about themselves
- Confirming feedback more comforting this nonconfirming feedback
- Confirming feedback more comforting this nonconfirming feedback
- Individuals with negative
views solicit negative
information about themselves
- Interactional
Nature of
Depression (Coyne)
- Treatment
- IPT
- Three stages
- History of links b/w
depressive symptoms
and interpersonal
problem areas
- Identify
interventions
focusing on
problem areas
- Maintenance and
preparing for
independence from
treatment
- History of links b/w
depressive symptoms
and interpersonal
problem areas
- Efficacy
- In 16 weeks IPT as effective as antidepressants
- More effective than CBT in severely depressed individuals
- Social skills improvement 8-10 months later
- Benefits remain 8-10 months after treatment ends
- In 16 weeks IPT as effective as antidepressants
- Three stages
- IPT
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