Pre School 3-6 yrs

Pre School 3-6 yrs

1. Development

   • Physical
     • Taller and thinner then toddlers
     • Growth of extemities rather then trunk
     • Pelvis becomes straight and abdomal strenghtens
     • Weight between 18-20kg at 3 years
     • Growth rate of 6cm per year
     • Generally hyperopic, unable to focus on near objects
     • Increasing coordination and motor skills, generally they can run, jump and balance
   • Emotional
   • Social
     • Gender identification
     • Identify with the parent of the same sex
     • Curious about there body and sexual functions
     • Identification
       • Child perseves themsleve as simlar to another
     • Introjection
       • Assimilation of attribute of others
     • Imagination
       • Make sence of the world and sence of control
     • Repression
       • Of Oedipus or electra complex
     • Prosocial
     • Leart from modelling
   • Theories
     • Erickson Initiative vs Guilt
       • Mastering tasks builds confidence and self concept
     • Frued Phallic stage
       • Focus on genitals
         • Close emotional relationship with parent

2. Imunisation

   • • Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (whooping cough) and inactivated poliomyelitis (polio) (DTPa-IPV) • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) (to be given only if MMRV vaccine was not given at 18 months)
     • • Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (whooping cough) and inactivated poliomyelitis (polio) (DTPa-IPV) • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) (to be given only if MMRV vaccine was not given at 18 months)

3. Head to toe assessment

   • Vison
   • Height
   • Weight
   • Heart rate
   • Respiriatoy Rate

4. Effect of hospitilsation

   • Separation anxiety and fear of abandonment
     • Encourage the parent to be present
   • Loss of self-control
     • Allow choices where possible
   • Fear of Bodily injury or mutilation
     • Use of topical anaesthetics or procedural sedation as prescribed
   • Painful, invasive procedures
     • Explain or procedures, use pain control
   • Fear of the dark and monsters
     • Provide night light

5. Pain

   • Pain is hurt, may relate pain to injury but not illness May believe pain is a form of punishment Does not have understanding of why
   • focus on FACES scale
   • Tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypertension, pupil dilation, pallor, increased perspiration and increased secretion of catecholamine’s and adrenocorticoid hormones
   • Short attention span, facial grimacing, Posturing, Drawing up knees, flexing limbs, massaging affected areas, lethargy, remaining quite or withdrawal , sleep disturbances
   • Continuous infusion analgesia is recommended for children with continuous or persistent severe pain
   • Cutanious stimulation Distraction Guided imagry Attatchement objects Relaxation tecniques Breathing tecniques Hypnosis Heat and cold

6. imunisation

   • 4 Years
     • • Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (whooping cough) and inactivated poliomyelitis (polio) (DTPa-IPV) • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) (to be given only if MMRV vaccine was not given at 18 months)

7. Injury

   • Falls and being hit
   • Struck or crushed by person or object
   • Cutting and peiceing
   • Animal related injury
   • Transport
   • Burns, scalds and posioning
   • Drowing in pools or bathtubs