Anatomy Lower body

Anatomy Lower body

1. upper leg

   • bones
     • femur
   • muscles
     • anterior
       • quadriceps
         • The extensors for the knee, and the flexors for the hip
         • Rectus Femoris
         • vastus medialis
         • vastus intermedialis
         • vastus lateralis
       • Sartorius
     • posterior
       • hamstirngs
         • the flexors for the knee and the extensors for the hip.
         • biceps femoris
           • Long head
           • Short head
         • semitendinosus
         • semimembronosis
     • medial
       • pectineus
       • adductor longus
       • adductor brevis
       • adductor magnus
       • gracillis

2. lower leg

   • muslces
     • anterior
       • extensor digitorum longus
       • extensor hallucis longus
       • tibialis anterior
       • peroneus tertius
     • posterior
       • gastrocnemius
       • soleus
       • plantaris
       • flexor digitorum longus
       • tibialis posterior
       • flexor hallucis longus
     • lateral
       • peroneus longus
       • peroneus brevis
   • bones
     • tibia
     • fibula

3. Foot

   • bones
     • calcaneus
     • talus
     • navicular
     • cuboid
     • cuneiforms
     • metarsals
     • phalanges
   • muslces
     • dorsi flexors
       • extensor digitorium brevis.
     • plantar flexors
       • big toe
         • abductor hallucis
         • flexor hallucis brevis
         • adductor hallucis
       • little toe
         • abductor digiti minimi
         • flexor digiti mnimi
       • sole
         • flexor digitorum brevis
         • lumbricales
         • interosseus planteres
         • quadratus plantar

4. Hip

   • Bones
     • illium
     • ishium
     • pubis
   • Muscles
     • anterior
       • psoas major
         • origin: all bases of transverse side of lumbar vertebrae. insertion: lesser trochanter of femur action: flexes thigh *flexes vertebral column
       • iliacus
         • origin: upper two thirds of illiac fossa and AIIS  insertion: onto the tendon of the psoas major whih goes into the lesser trochanter. Action: flexes thigh 
       • piriformis
         • Origin: internal surface of the sacrum. Insertion: upper border of greater trochanter of femur. Action: laterally rotates thigh and abducts thigh.
       • obturator externus
         • Origin: outer surface of the superior and inferior rammus of pubis. and also ramus of ischium (covering the obturator foramen [the O]) Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur. action: laterally rotates thigh.
       • tensor fasciae latae
         • Origin: outer edge of the illiac crest and between the ASIS and illiac tubercle. Insertion: illiotibial tract on upper part of thigh. action: flexes and abducts the thigh.
     • posterior
       • obturator internus
         • origin: pelvic surface of obturator membrne and surrounding bones (inominate bones)  Insertion: common tendon with superior and inferior gemelli to the medial surface of the greater trochanter. Action: laterally rotates thigh.
       • gemellus superior
         • Origin: spine of ischium  Insertion: links with obturator internus inton medial surface of the greater trochanter of femur. Action: laterally rotates thigh
       • gemellus inferior
         • Origin: upper half of the ischial tuberosity. Insertion: together with obturator internus, gemelius superior, goes to the medial surface fo the greater trochanter. Action: laterally rotates thigh.
       • quadratus femoris
         • Origin: lateral border of ischial turberosity  Insertion: below the intertrochanteric crest of femur. Action: laterally rotates thigh.
       • gluteus maximus
         • Origin: outer surface of ilium behing gluteal line. Insertion: iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur Action: upper part- abducts, laterally rotates thigh  lower part- extends, laterally rotates thigh, extends trunk, assists in adduction of thigh.
       • gluteus medius
         • Origin: outer surface of ilium but under illiac crest. Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur. Action: abducts femur and toates thigh medially.
       • gluteus minimus
         • Origin: outer surface of illium middle and  inferior gluteal lines. Insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur. Action: abducts femur, rotates thigh medially.

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