Waves

Waves

1. Transverse

2. Longitudinal

3. Stationary (Standing)

   • is the result of the superposition of two coherent waves travelling in opposite direction and no momentum is transferred
     • Occur when 2 waves of the same -Speed -Wavelength -Equal amplitudes -opposite directions MEET
     • Characterized by: Node : Zero Amplitude caused by Destructive Interference Antinode: Maximum Amplitude caused by Constructive interference
     • Examples: 1)String instruments 2)microwave ovens
   • Resonance
     • When a standing wave is produced in an object
       • Example:1) pushing a swing, 2)plucking a guitar string 3)Wind Instruments 4)Microwave Ovens
       • Dangers: Uncontrolled resonance can cause bridges, buildings, or other structures to collapse
     • Occurs when: the source vibrations are equal to the natural frequency of the system ; the amplitude gets larger
     • Harmonics:
       • Each harmonic corresponds to a specific resonant frequency. •First harmonic and higher harmonics (overtones) show different numbers of nodes and antinodes.
   • Formation : In a stretched string or air column, stationary waves form when the wave reflects at a boundary and interferes with the incoming wave.
     • APPLICATIONS -Musical instruments: Creation of sound waves through resonance and standing wave patterns. • Optical fibers: Light can form stationary wave patterns, crucial for data transmission. • Quantum mechanics: Electrons in atoms behave like standing waves in certain energy states

4. Progressive ( Traveling)