Business Studies - AQA - GCSE - Motivational Theorists

Business Studies - AQA - GCSE - Motivational Theorists

1. Scientific Management

   • Frederick W Taylor
     • Worked with Henry Ford (Ford Motors)
     • Civil Engineer
   • Assign employees to the station that they work best in.
   • Piece Rate Pay
     • Each product you make, you get a sum of money for it
   • Disadvantages
     • If there is not a high demand, not as many products are made meaning less money.
     • If the employees make products more quickly so that they get more money, the quality of the products could decrease.
   • Advantages
     • Motivates employees to work harder to get more money
     • Easy to increase pay (for employees)
     • Easy to identify better workers (more efficient)
     • Employees are likely to become specialists in their field
   • Late 1800s, early 1900s

2. Hawthorne Effect

   • Elton Mayo
     • Psychologist
     • Hypothesis was that better lit areas had better workers.
       • Production in better lit areas did increase, but so did production in the other factory that did not have better lighting.
         • Mayo found that it was not actually the lighting that affected the production but in fact it was the staff supervision.
           • Following this, the personnel department was created.
   • Disadvantages
     • Personnel staff must be paid.
   • Advantages
     • Motivation increased
       • Fear/wanting to impress staff
       • Better quality treatment
         • Creativity levels increased
     • Happiness levels increased

3. Hierarchy of Needs

   • Abraham Maslow
     • American Psychologist
   • Treat each employee according to their needs
   • Physiological Needs - Food, water, shelter, clothing, etc
     • Safety needs - Health and safety
       • Social needs - Break time
         • Esteem needs - praise
           • Self-actualisation - Creative self-growth, meaning in life.
   • 1954

4. Hygiene and Motivators

   • Frederick Herzberg
     • American Professor
   • 1950s & 1960s
   • Motivators - Positive satisfaction (if done) or no effect (If not)
     • Achievement
     • Recognition for achievement
     • Interesting/meaningful work
     • Responsibility
     • Advancement
       • Psychological
       • Work - Promotions
   • Hygiene - Some satisfaction (if done to a good amount) or negative effect (if not)
     • Company policy and admin
     • Higher staff supervision
     • Pay
       • People think they deserve what they are paid, it will not particularly motivate them, but they will feel demotivated if they are not paid.
     • Interpersonal relationships
     • Working conditions