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413433
Restless Earth
Description
Geography Edexcel Unit One restless earth
No tags specified
gcse
geography
unit 1
geography
gcse
a-level
Mind Map by
juliasutton
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
juliasutton
almost 11 years ago
22
1
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Resource summary
Restless Earth
Layers of the Earth
Crust is the Surface of the Earth
Lithosphere
Split into Tectonic Plates
Two Types
Oceanic
Basalt
Solid
Denser
Always new being formed
When magma from the mantle cools
As plates move appart
Continental
Granite
Solid
Less Dense
Older
Inside the Earth is Hot
Know this because...
Hot Springs
Molten Lava from Volcanos
Geysers
Radio Active Decay of elements
e.g. Uranium
Geothermal Heat
Plumes
Upwellings in molten rock through the asthenosphere
To lithosphere forming a...
Hot Spot
Pangea
All continents joined
Super Continent
Know this because...
Same fossils found in...
Africa and South America
Split because of plate Tectonics
15 big ones
20 small ones
Very Slowly...
250 million years ago
Plate Boundaries
3 Types
Conservative
2 plates sliding past each other
Along a fault
No Volcanos
Lots of Earthquakes
Dsetructive
Up to 8.5 magnitude
Daily Tremmors
E.g. San Andres Fault
pacific and North American plates passing each other
Where Earthquakes and Volcanos usually occur
Consatructive
Two plate boundaries moving appart
Magma rises to fill the surface
can form a volcano
Don't erupt with much force
Earthquakes
Small
E.g. The mid Atlantic Ridge
In Iceland
Eurasian and North American plates pulling appart
Destructive
Continental and oceanic Plates colliding
Ocenaic plate is subducted under
Because it is denser
Starts to melt
Due to friction caused by movement
Is now melted hot, liquid, rock magma
Rises through the cracks in continental plate
E.g. Andres Mountains
In Chilie
Nazca Oceanic Plate is subducted under South American Continental Plate
Destructive Volcanos
8.5 manitude
Collision Zone
Type of destructive Boundary
2 of the same type of plate collide
Causes material between to buckle and rise
Forms fold mountains
E.g. Himalayas
Collision of African and Eurasian Plates
Destructive Earthquakes
Rare Volcanos
Mt St Helens
USA
Developped country
Can afford to spend money on..
monitering
protection
Evacuation
Destructive plate boundary
Pacific and North American plate boundary
lots of eruptions leading up to
Effects
Enviromental
70 mm of ash
falls across ares
2 million animals were killed
mudflows
Raised temperature of lakes and rivers
Economic
damage to crops
$175 million
Post office and other bussinesses
Shut down
In Cougar
Can be monitored and predicted
Can evacuate people
May 1980
Sichuan
Central China
May 2008
8 magnitude
Social Impacts
70 000 died
375 000 people died
5 million homeless
economic impacts
1 million
job losses
re buliding
$75 billion
Lots of aftershocks
Caused landslides
Responses
Local
hard because of...
heavy rain
landslides
aftershocks
Prime minister flew in
Soliders were sent
People donated £1.5 billion
International
UK gave $2 million
Lots of countries sent supplies
Tents
Nearby countries flew in rescue teams
Future...
Sctrict building rules
can be doe in poorer areas
Developing
Earthquake!
Epicentre
Point on surface directly above where it started
Seismic Waves
Waves of energy which cause the ground to shake
Focus
point where earthquake starts
Japan
March 2011
Effects
Tsunami
caused more deaths than earthquake
were not as prepared
Social
18000 deaths
Lots homeless
Economic
$360 billion in losses
Environmental
Radiation leaks
causes cancer
caused fires by damaged infrastructure
9.0 magnitude
developped
were prepared for earthquake
Strict building regulations
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