Environmental Toxicology 1-3

Description

Covers general history, testing, and subtances
andrewmackrell25
Mind Map by andrewmackrell25, updated more than 1 year ago
andrewmackrell25
Created by andrewmackrell25 over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Environmental Toxicology 1-3
  1. focuses on synthetic and natural pollutants on ecosystems
    1. Silent Spring
      1. Chemical effects on ecosystems (DDT),
        1. North American environmental movement
      2. Paracelsus
        1. Dose makes the poison
          1. toxicon
          2. Environmental tragedies (Safety)
            1. Minamata, Japan: MeHg
              1. Kiev, Ukraine: Radioactive dust
                1. Bhopal, India: Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)
                2. Toxic Substances
                  1. Xenobiotic
                    1. Poison
                      1. Toxicant
                        1. Toxin
                          1. Efficacy (max)
                            1. Potency (range of increase)
                              1. Interactions
                                1. Additive
                                  1. Synergistic
                                    1. Antagonistic
                                  2. Exposure Tests
                                    1. Acute
                                      1. Lethal dose
                                        1. PROS: estimate toxicity, target organs
                                          1. CONS: expensive, animal use, ethics
                                        2. Subacute
                                          1. Subchronic
                                            1. LOAEL and NOAEL
                                            2. Chronic
                                              1. Best LOAEL and NOAEL
                                            3. General Toxicity
                                              1. Threshold vs. non-Threshold
                                                1. Essential nutrients
                                                  1. U-shaped (copper)
                                                  2. Hormesis
                                                    1. J-shaped (alcohol)
                                                    2. Placebo
                                                      1. Nocebo
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