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4247081
introduction to attachment
Description
AS - Level psychology (chapter 3 - attachment ) Mind Map on introduction to attachment, created by Daisy U on 21/12/2015.
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psychology
chapter 3 - attachment
as - level
Mind Map by
Daisy U
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Daisy U
almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary
introduction to attachment
caregiver infant interactions
reciprocity
babies and mums spend a lot of time together
mother responds to babies actions - by picking them up
reciprocal when the person responds to the other
babies have an active role
baby and mum initiate interactions
basics
babies have social interaction from birth
important for child's development
interactional synchrony
the temporal co-ordination of micro level social behaviour
mother & babies actions mirror each other
as young as 2 weeks
important for attachment
Isabella
studied interactional synchrony and attachment
high levels of synchrony = stronger attachment
feldman
attachment figures
parent - infant
Schaffer & Emerson
mother is primary attachment
7 months
father is secondary attachment
18 months
role of the father
Grossman
looked at both parents behaviour then quality of attachment in the child's teens
quality of attachment with mother was greater than with fathers
however quality of fathers play was important
fathers have a different role
not nurturing but playing
fathers as primary carers
field
if father is the primary caregiver they do nurture more
primary caregiver fathers smile, imitate and hold more
with attachments it is the level of responsiveness not the gender
evaluation - caregiver infant reactions
hard to observe infants -
hard to be certain what the baby means
we look at hand and facial movements
what if it's just copying the mother
controlled observations +
most of these observations are controlled
fine details can be seen and recorded
babies don't know they are being watched so no artificial behaviour
so goo validity
observations don't tell use why (purpose) -
synchrony and reciprocity only describe the behaviour
don't know why
however are helpful with the development of attachments
also help: stress responses, empathy, language and moral development
evaluation - attachment figures
inconsistent findings -
different researchers look at different things
some as fathers as the primary care giver
some as fathers as the secondary care giver
both find different results which contradicts
if fathers have a distinct role why aren't fatherless children different? -
children growing up with a single or same sex male parent families
are not different
even though research says they should be
so fathers role is not important
why don't fathers generally be the primary attachment? -
is it traditional gender roles
women more nurturing
female hormones
higher levels of nurturing
biologically more nurturing
evaluation +
working mothers
socially sensitive research
some children may be disadvantaged
if the mother goes back to work soon after giving birth
interactional synchrony won't happen
important for developing attachments
what is attachment?
a close two way emotional bond between 2 individuals
each individual sees the other as essential for their own emotional security
behaviours
proximity
people try and stay close to whom they are attached to
separation distress
distressed when attachment figure leaves
secure base behaviour
returning to attachment figure
stranger
feeling uncomfortable when a stranger is present
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