Effects of priming exercises

Effects of priming exercises

1. Intro/intro

   • There is a common belief that exercise bouts prior to the main exercise bout causes improvements in performance due to acute changes in exercise mechanisms (Bishop, 2003).
     • BISHOP, D. Warm Up II. Performance changes following active warm-up and how to structure the warm-up. Sports Med. 33:483– 498, 2003
   • Warms ups are completed to bring about increases in muscle temperature; effecting the metabolic ezymes, and improving the effeciency of diffusion pathways, these benifits can then in thory improve performance. These changes need to occur without the occurence of fatigue by changes in homeostatis such as proton accumilation and accumilation of
   • Numerous studies disproving effects of warm ups on performance
   • There are two types of warm up; general comprises of using gross body movement and external sources of heat such as showers and massages, reasoning is the increased temperature of the muscles increases the speed and contractile strength and that sudden forceful contraction such as in tackles is greatly reduced. The second warm up variation is formal and consists of completing movements that are going o be completed in performance, it is recognised that formal warm ups improve coordination
   • research published Malarecki suggest that non physical warm ups such as imagary exercises improved performance. This improvement could be due to the anticipatory response, which causes increases in cardiac output, assimilation of oxygen and improved efficency of smooth muscle contraction
     • Malarecki I. Studies on physiological justification of application of so-called warming-up. Acta Physiol Pol. 1954;5(4):543–546.
   • Formal training allows for rehersal of the movements actually occuring in performance so would be more practical for performances with high complxity levels.
   • Warm ups induce the release of adrenaline; heart rate increases causing vasodillation of capillaries therefore oxygen can be transported quicker throught leading to the improved effieciency of movemnet caused by increased synovial fluid production.
   • A recent meta-analysis by Fradkin et al (2010) to conclude evidence relating to performance improvement by the efects of warm up exercises
     • Review Effects of warming-up on physical performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Fradkin AJ, Zazryn TR, Smoliga JM J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jan; 24(1):140-8

2. Disscussion

   • Waht was found
     • the principle findings were that performance in a five minute self-paced time trial was not altered upon completion of a severe bout of priming exercises prior to said performance. The results indicated that in this case a "severe" priming exercise bout was not benifical to performance. The lack of a statistical significance for values such as heart rate, work done and power output shows that performance didnt improve.
     • The results show that severe priming exercise causes no significant increase in values for accumliated work done, power output and heart rate.
     • As performance isnt improved, reasons for lack of improvement are "severe" priming exercise bout intensity is to high and causes increases in fatiguing factors that are detrimental to performance and.
     • the present study was completed to answer ... questions. The first question was whether severe priming bouts were benifical to a five minute self-paced time trial; the second was which aspects ( heart rate, power output , RPE and total work done0 would see the biggest increases if any.
     • Although we didnt measure factors relating to vo2 kinetics, the resulting data for rate of percieved exertion indicates that subjects found the five minute self-paced time trail more taxing when severe priming exercise was completed priorto the time trial; Control (M = 15.18, SD = 0.87) and (M = 17, SD = 0.72) for the priming protocol.
       • Can explain findings that severe priming exercises cause early onset fatigue
         • Performance may have been impeeded by lack of recovery time; homeostatis had am insufficent time period to restore muscle phosophocreatine and H + concentrations.
           • Stephen J. Bailey, Anni Vanhatalo, Daryl P. Wilkerson, Fred J. DiMenna, and Andrew M. Jones. (2009). Optimizing the “priming” effect: influence of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration on O2 uptake kinetics and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. J Appl Physiol 107: 1743–1756,
           • previous evidence suggests that unchanged performance after an indivdual severe 30s sprint with a tem minute break, this finding could help clarify why no significant differences were seen after five ten second sprint with a rest period of four minutes between priming completion and onset of the time trial.
             • Burnley M, Doust JH, Jones AM. Effects of prior warm-up regime on severe-intensity cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37: 838–845, 2005.
             • In contrast Bailey et al, (2009) determined that severe intensity exercise prior to other severe intensity exercise bouts with a recovery period of three minutes had detrimental effects on latter exercise bout; 16% impairment of tolerence.
               • further stated that the performance of prior heavy-intensity exercise did not enhance performance in subsequent server exercise bouts irrisective of the recovery period indicating that priming may have to be specific to performance in question.
                 • This also suggests that priming is only useful when the priming exercise is severe enough to elict an accelerated VO2 and the subsequent.... recovery sufficent for homeostatic rebalance.
   • Previous research