Learning

Learning

1. Associative Learning

   • The process of learning to associate one stimulus with another
   • Classical Conditioning
     • When a unit learns to associate one stimulus with another. Can be used to create a particular response to a stimulus
     • Ivan Pavlov
       • Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning by making dogs salivate. 
     • Responses and Stimuli
       • Unconditioned Response: The natural response the unit has to the unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus: The stimulus to which the unit has a natural response Conditioned Stimulus: The stimulus which the unit has been conditioned to respond to Conditioned Response: The response that the unit learns to associate with the conditioned stimulus or happens of its own accord when the conditioned stimulus is presented
     • John Watson
       • This man thought he could condition anything into anyone. He is infamous for the Little Albert experiment. 
     • Vocab
       • Extinction: When the CS no longer causes the CR. 
       • Acquisition: The process of learning to associate two stimuli. 
       • Spontaneous Generalization: Animals may respond to stimuli similar to CS 
       • Discrimination: Units are able to distinguish between similar stimuli if the US is only presented after one of them.
       • Shaping: a method of training by which successive methods of approximation towards a target behavior are reinforced
   • Operant Conditioning
     • When the unit learns to associate a certain response to a particular one of its actions

2. Reinforcement

   • Continuous
     • Behavior is reinforced every time
     • Fixed Interval
       • Behavior reinforced after a set amount of time
     • Fixed Ratio
       • Behavior reinforced after a set number of times
   • Intermittent
     • Sometimes reinforced 
     • Variable Interval
       • Behavior reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time
     • Variable Ratio
       • Behavior reinforced after an unpredictable number of times

3. Types of Reinforcement

   • Reinforcement
     • Negative Reinforcement
     • Positive Reinforcement
       • Rewarding a desired bevavior
   • Punishment
     • Positive Punishment
     • Negative Punishment