Chemistry Unit 1

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Exam is on the 23rd of May
Omar Amura
Mind Map by Omar Amura, updated more than 1 year ago
Omar Amura
Created by Omar Amura almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Chemistry Unit 1
  1. Formulae, Equations and Amount of Substance ALWAYS LOOK AT THE SYMBOL GIVEN (g OR dm³, etc.)
    1. Empirical Formula: %/ram = x for each element, x/smallest value, then ajust
      1. Ionic Equations: Write out full molecular formula, balance, separate into ions, look if soluble or not, then cancel spectator ions and re-write
        1. Moles = mass/molar mass OR n=m/Mr
          1. For Gases: moles= volume(dm³)/Molar volume(24) OR n= v/Mv (24dm³mol­ˉ¹)
            1. 4 Solutions: moles=concentration(moldmˉ³)Xvolume(dm³) OR n=cv REARRAGE: c(moldm³)=n/v WATCH OUT 4 CONVERTIONS cm³->dm³ 1cm³->0.001dm³ 1dm³->1000g
            2. Calculations based on reactions
              1. To get Mass B from Mass A: mass A -> moles A -> moles B -> mass B
                1. Moles A -> Moles B: moles A x ratio B/A
              2. Calculation of No. of Particles: No. molecules = Moles x Avogadro =>no. MOLECULES=nx6.02x10²³ =>no. IONS=no.molecules x No. of ions in the formula
                1. Concentration of Solutions:
                  1. amount of solute(moles)/volume(dm³) = moldmˉ³
                    1. amount of solute (grams)/volume(dm³) = gdmˉ³
                      1. [amount of solute (grams) / amount of solution {solute + solvent} (grams)x10^6] x 10^6/10^6=ppm TRY N WORK IT OUT SYSTEMATICALLY! USE X IF NEED BE!

                        Annotations:

                        • video with explaining ppm in greater depth: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6MxhXPmyes
                      2. Gas Volume Calculations
                        1. To get Volume B from Mass A: mass A -> moles A -> moles of gas B -> volume of GAS B
                          1. Moles A -> Moles B: moles A x ratio B/A
                            1. Moles of gas B -> Volume of GAS B: moles B x molar volume
                          2. Calculations for GASES ONLY: ratio B/A x mass A = volume of GAS B

                            Annotations:

                            • For Calculations involving gases only, you can skip using the molar mass or volume because you divide and then multiply the same number. So: ratio B/A x Mass A = volume of gas Bis all the working that is needed!
                          3. Percentage yield (%) = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100
                            1. Atom economy = (Mr of product [that you want!!] x No. of formulae of it in the equation x 100) / sum of Mr of all reactants
                            2. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
                              1. Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table
                                1. Energetics
                                  1. Exothermic reaction = bond breaking ∴ loses heat energy to surroundings ∴ change in enthalpy is negative (-ΔH)
                                    1. Endothermic reaction = bond making ∴ gains heat energy from surroundings ∴ change in enthalpy is positive (+ΔH)
                                      1. The activation energy is the energy required by certain chemicals to undergo a reaction
                                        1. E=mcΔT

                                          Annotations:

                                          • E=mcΔT E- Energy transfered m- mass c- specific heat capacity ΔT- change in temperature (Specific Heat Capacity- The energy in joules (j) needed to raise the temperature of 1Kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin)
                                          1. ENTHALPY OF REACTION: is when the molar quantities as written in the equation react under standard conditions (1atm pressure + a stated temp of 298K)
                                            1. ENTHALPY OF FORMATION: is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions
                                              1. ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION: is the enthalpy change when 1 mol of a substance if burnt completely in oxygen under standard conditions
                                                1. ENTHALPY OF NEUTRALISATION: is the enthalpy change when an acid and base react to form 1 mol of water under standard conditions
                                                  1. HESS'S LAW: Law which states that the energy change in an overall chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the energy changes in the individual reacti
                                                  2. Bonding
                                                    1. Weak Points
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