Environmental Chemistry

Pollutant
1. Primary
  1. Carbon Monoxide
    1. Lean-Burn Engines
    2. Catalytic Converters
    3. Thermal Converters
  2. Nitrogen Oxides
    1. Lean-Burn Engines
    2. Three-Way Catalytic Converters
    3. Exhaust Gas Recirculation
  3. Sulfur Dioxide
    1. Control
      1. Pre-combustion
        Crush and wash coal
      2. Post-combustion
        Alkaline Scrubbing
        Fluidized-bed Combustion
        Low-sulfur content coal
2. Secondary
  1. Nitrogen Dioxide
  2. Sulfur Dioxide/Trioxide
Particulates
1. Aerosol
2. Control
  1. Gravitational Settling
  2. Filtration
  3. Centrifugal Separation
  4. Settling Tanks
  5. Electrostatic Precipitation
  6. Wet scrubbers, Cyclone separators
3. Lower T
Volatile Organic Compounds
1. Control
  1. Oxidation Catalytic Converter
  2. Thermal Exhaust Reactors
Smog
1. Photochemical
  1. Nitrogen Monoxide
  2. Nitrogen Dioxide
  3. Ozone
  4. Hydrocarbon Radicals
  5. Aldehydes
  6. Nitric Acid
  7. Peroxyacylnitrates
2. 'Pea Soup'
3. Thermal Inversions
Acid Deposition
1. Wet Deposition
  1. Acid Rain
    1. Formation
      1. Nitric Acid
      2. Sulfuric Acid
      3. Ammonia
2. Dry Deposition
3. Effects
  1. Materials
    1. Marble, Limestone
    2. Metals
  2. Plant Life
  3. Water
  4. Human Health
4. Control
  1. Reduce NO/SO
  2. Alternative Energy Sources
  3. Neutralize Lakes
Greenhouse Effect
1. Greenhouse Factor
2. Gases
  1. Water
  2. Carbon Dioxide
  3. Methane
  4. CFCs
  5. Ozone
  6. Dinitrogen Oxide
  7. Sulfur Hexafluoride
3. Effects
  1. Agriculture
  2. Biodistribution
  3. Sea-Level
Ozone Depletion
1. Atmosphere
  1. Mesosphere
  2. Stratosphere
    1. Oxygen Gas
    2. Ozone
  3. Troposphere
2. Steady State
3. Nitrogen Oxides, CFCs
  1. Alternatives to CFCs
    1. Hydrocarbons
    2. Fluorocarbons
    3. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
    4. Hydrofluorocarbons
4. Effect: Less UV protection
5. Polar Regions
Dissolved Oxygen in Water
1. BOD
  1. Water Quality
  2. Measurement
2. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Decay
3. Eutrophication
  1. Ion Exchange
  2. Reverse Osmosis
4. Thermal Pollution
Water Treatment
1. Pollutants
  1. Nitrate
  2. Heavy Metals
    1. Mercury
    2. Lead
    3. Cadmium
  3. Pesticides
    1. DDT
    2. Dioxins
  4. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
2. Waste Water
  1. Primary Methods
  2. Secondary Methods
    1. Activated Sludge Process
  3. Tertiary Methods
    1. Precipitation
    2. Ion Exchange
    3. Biological Methods
    4. Activated Carbon Bed
    5. Distillation
    6. Reverse Osmosis
3. Chlorine/Ozone Treatment
Soil
1. Humus
  1. Buffer
2. Soil Degradation
  1. Salinization
  2. Nutrient Depletion
  3. Soil Pollution
3. SOM
Water and Soil
1. Precipitation
2. Common Ion Effect
3. Clay
  1. Cation Exchange
    1. CEC
      1. pH
Waste
1. Waste Disposal
  1. Landfill
  2. Incineration
  3. Open Dumping
2. Recycling
  1. Metals
  2. Glass
  3. Plastics
  4. Paper
3. Nuclear Waste
  1. Low Level
  2. High Level

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Environmental Chemistry

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	Created by Patricia Rothen about 11 years ago