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HORMONES 1
- Foundations are the HORMONES AND GLANDS
- transfer information to cells
- Fall into to 2 classes according to structure
- - PROTEIN, PEPTIDES, MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS
- - STEROIDS
- - STEROIDS
- - PROTEIN, PEPTIDES, MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS
- Fall into to 2 classes according to structure
- transfer information to cells
- PEPTIDES - majority of hormones
- HYPOTHALAMUS
- ANT AND POST PITUITARY LOBE
- PINEAL GLAND
- PANCREAS
- PARATHYROID
- GI TRACT
- KIDNEYS
- LIVER
- THYROID T-CELLS
- HEART
- HEART
- THYROID T-CELLS
- LIVER
- KIDNEYS
- GI TRACT
- PARATHYROID
- PANCREAS
- PINEAL GLAND
- ANT AND POST PITUITARY LOBE
- Secreted from -
- HYPOTHALAMUS
- AMINES
- THYROID GLAND
- ADRENAL MEDULLA-CATECHOLINES
- ADRENAL MEDULLA-CATECHOLINES
- THYROID GLAND
- STEROIDS
- ADRENAL CORTEX
- GONADS
- PLACENTAL HORMONES
- PLACENTAL HORMONES
- GONADS
- ADRENAL CORTEX
- Endocrine glands secrete more than 20 hormones into the blood
- affects cells they are genetically programmed to respond to
- Hormone levels are influenced by stress, infection, minerals
- Once hormones are released they travel to TARGET CELLS
- Once hormones are released they travel to TARGET CELLS
- Hormone levels are influenced by stress, infection, minerals
- affects cells they are genetically programmed to respond to
- Hormones are derived from-STEROIDS,PROTEINS, TYROSINE(AMINO ACID
- They become active when bound to specific receptor on target cell
- Controlled by NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
- Controlled by NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
- They become active when bound to specific receptor on target cell
- THYROID,PARATHYROID,ADRENAL GLANDS
- Originates in the epithelium on back of tongue, travels to front of neck
- Thyroid gland is a vascular organ
- Consists of 2 lobes on each side of trachea
- The 2 lobes are connected by a band of tissue - ISTHMUS
- Thyroid gland is a vascular organ
- Originates in the epithelium on back of tongue, travels to front of neck
- THYROXINE, TRI-IODOTHYRONINE -contain iodine
- Essential for life
- mental and physical development
- Skin and hair
- Control of nerve excitability
- Basal metabolic rate
- absorption of carbs
- Influences heat production
- requires iodine for synthesis
- 95%thyroxine 5%tri-odothronine
- Essential for life
- THYROID DISEASES
- HYPERTHYROIDISM-Too much thyroxine
- Graves disease - due to THYROID STIMULATING ANITBODY- cells grow large
- HYPOTYHROIDSIM-Too little hormone
- If there is an IODINE deficiency-stimulates pituitary to secrete THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
- Enlarges thyroid gland - GOITRE or IODINE DEFICIENCY GOITRE
- Enlarges thyroid gland - GOITRE or IODINE DEFICIENCY GOITRE
- If there is an IODINE deficiency-stimulates pituitary to secrete THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
- HYPOTYHROIDSIM-Too little hormone
- Graves disease - due to THYROID STIMULATING ANITBODY- cells grow large
- AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS OF THYROID GLAND
- Caused by abnormal proteins (antibodies) damage gland
- Graves disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis
- Graves disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis
- Caused by abnormal proteins (antibodies) damage gland
- HYPERTHYROIDISM-Too much thyroxine
- CALCITONIN - SECRETED BY T-CELLS of thyroid gland
- Reduces/regulates blood calcium level
- Reduces/regulates blood calcium level
- PARATHORMONE-Secreted by thyroid gland
- Level of secretion determined by blood calcium level
- Main function to increase blood calcium level
- by increasing absorption in small intestine
- Works in opposing manner to Calcitonin
- Works in opposing manner to Calcitonin
- by increasing absorption in small intestine
- Main function to increase blood calcium level
- Level of secretion determined by blood calcium level
- PTH and CALCITONIN- Increases renal absorption of calcium, from bones
- ALDOSTERONE- mineralcorticoids- secreted by adrenal cortex
- conserve sodium ions and water
- conserve sodium ions and water
- CORTISOL-GLUCOCORTICOIDS-secreted by adrenal cortex
- Increases glucose levels
- Hypersecretion - cushings syndrome
- Addisons disease
- Medical emergency 100mg of corticosteroid injection
- Medical emergency 100mg of corticosteroid injection
- Increases glucose levels
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