punctuation test part 2

Annotations:

• VIII. Commas with introductory words and phrases – use a comma an introductory word or phrase to separate it from the rest of the sentence.   IX. Commas with interrupters use commas to set off words or phrases that interrupt or break the flow of thought in the sentence   X. Commas with nouns of direct address- use commas to set off nouns of direct address   XII. Commas to avoid confusion- use a comma where it might be confusing   XIII. Direct quotations A. Use quotation marks at the beginning and end of direct quotations. B. Use commas to set off explanatory words used with direct quotation (whether they occur at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the sentence) C. If a quotation or and exclamation point inside the closing quotation marks D. If quoted words are part of a question or exclamation, place the question mark or exclamation point outside the closing quotation marks   XIX. Indirect quotation- do not use quotation marks to set off an indirect quotation   XX. Divided Quotations A. Use quotation marks to enclose both parts of a divided quotation B. Do not capitalize the first word of the second part of a divided quotation unless it begins a new sentence. C. Use commas to set off the explanatory words used with divided quotation   XXI. Quotation marks in dialogue-in dialogue a new paragraph and an new set of quotation marks signal a change in speakers   XXII. Semicolons in compound sentences A. Use a semicolon to join parts of a compound sentence without a coordinating conjunction. B. Use a semicolon between parts of compound sentences when the clause are long and complex or when they contain commas   XXIII. Semicolons with items in a series- when there are commas within parts of a series, use semicolons to separate the parts.   XXIV. Colons A. Use a colon to introduce a list of items B. Use a colon for the formal greeting in a business letter C. Use colons between hours and minutes in expressions of time   XXV. Hyphens A. Use a hyphen if part of a word must be carried from line to the next 1. The word must have at least two syllables 2. Separate the word between syllables 3. You must leave at least two letters on each line B. Use hyphens in certain compound words C. Use hyphens in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine D. Use hyphens in spelled out fractions   XXVI. Dashes- uses dashes to show an abrupt break in thought   XXVII. Parentheses- use parentheses to set off material that is loosely related to the rest of the sentence   XXVIII. Apostrophes in possessives- use an apostrophe to form the possessive of any noun whether singular of plural   XXIX. Apostrophes in contractions- use apostrophes in contractions   XXX. Apostrophes in plural- use an apostrophe and s to form the plural of a letter, a numeral, or a word referred to as a word.

1. VIII. Commas with introductory words and phrases
   1. use a comma an introductory word or phrase to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
2. X. Commas with nouns of direct address
   1. use commas to set off nouns of direct address
3. IX. Commas with interrupters
   1. use commas to set off words or phrases that interrupt or break the flow of thought in the sentence
4. XIII. Direct quotations
   1. A. Use quotation marks at the beginning and end of direct quotations.
   2. B. Use commas to set off explanatory words used with direct quotation
   3. C. If a quotation or and exclamation point inside the closing quotation marks
   4. D. If quoted words are part of a question or exclamation, place the question mark or exclamation point outside the closing quotation marks
5. XX. Divided Quotations
   1. A. Use quotation marks to enclose both parts of a divided quotation
   2. B. Do not capitalize the first word of the second part of a divided quotation unless it begins a new sentence.
   3. C. Use commas to set off the explanatory words used with divided quotation
6. XIX. Indirect quotation
   1. do not use quotation marks to set off an indirect quotation
7. XIX. Indirect quotation
   1. do not use quotation marks to set off an indirect quotation
8. XII. Commas to avoid confusion
   1. use a comma where it might be confusing