Cross-cultural, Translation & Multiple Languages

Cross-cultural, Translation & Multiple Languages

1. Why Adapting Measures

   • Translation
   • Adaption
   • 4 Reasons for adapting

2. NB Considerations

   • Administration
   • Item Format
   • Time Limits

3. Designs for adapting

   • Equivalence in Cross-Culture Comparisons
   • Judgemental Designs for Adapting Measures
     • Forward-translation designs
     • Back-translation designs
     • Categorising translation errors
   • Statistical Designs for Assessing Equivalence
     • Bilingual test-takers
     • Source & target language monolinguals
     • Source language monolinguals

4. Statistical Approaches to Establish Bias & Equivalence

   • Bias & Equivalence
   • Measurement Bias & Measurement Equivalence
     • Bias & equivalence at the item level
     • Bias & equivalence in factor structures between groups
     • Evaluation of measurement equivalence/invariance approaches
   • Prediction Bias & Equivalence
   • Construct Bias & Construct Equivalence
   • Nomological Bias & Nomological Equivalence/Invariance
   • Method Bias

5. Steps for Maximising Success in Test Adaptations

   • International Test Commission guidelines 4 categories
   • Hambleton

6. Challenges Related to Test Adaptation in SA

   • Language Choice for Assessment
   • Translation & Adaptation Challenges

7. Multicultural Test Development