Osteoporosis

Description

one Endocrine Mind Map on Osteoporosis, created by twostone9 on 22/03/2016.
twostone9
Mind Map by twostone9, updated more than 1 year ago
twostone9
Created by twostone9 about 8 years ago
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1

Resource summary

Osteoporosis

Annotations:

  • Reduced bone mass per unit
  1. Associated with
    1. Low BMI Inc Age Periods of Immobility High dose po or inh corticosteroids untx thyrotoxicosis early menopause postive fam hx
    2. WOMEN

      Annotations:

      • postmenopause - low estrogen so lose calcium from bones alot quicker than before Within 5–10 years of the menopause, women can be seen to suffer from osteoporosis and by the age of 65 the rate of fractures in women has increased to 3–5 times that of men.
      1. Rule Out
        1. MM
        2. TYPES
          1. PRIMARY
            1. TYPE 1 Postmenopausal

              Annotations:

              • SIx times more common in women than men Due to Inc osteoclast activity vertebral or distal forearm. Age 51 - 75. 
              1. TYPE 2 Involutional or Senile

                Annotations:

                • proximl femur >60 y/o Twice as common in women than men
                1. Idiopathic OP

                  Annotations:

                  • in children and young adults of either sex with normal gonadal function
                2. Secondary
                  1. Eating Disorders

                    Annotations:

                    • anorexia nervosa
                    1. Malabsorption

                      Annotations:

                      • coeliacs
                      1. Endocrine Disorders

                        Annotations:

                        • Cushing's DM Hyperparathyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, hypogonadism, acromegaly
                        1. C.T Dis

                          Annotations:

                          • RA
                          1. Chronic organ Failure
                            1. Drugs

                              Annotations:

                              • Corticosteroids, antiepileptics, thiazolidinediones (DM), long term heparin, excessive thyroid hormone, prostate cancer hormone therapy, breast cancer hormone therapy
                          2. RISK FACTORS
                            1. NON MODIFIABLE
                              1. Female Ageing Thin Build BMI < 18 Asian Caucasian Family Hx Premenopausal estrogen deficiency Late menarche Early menopause (natural and surgical)
                              2. MODIFIABLE LIFESTYLE FACTORS
                                1. cigarette smoking high caffeine intake > 4 cups/day High etoh intake > 2 sd/day Low calcium intake Lack of Vit D Physical inactivity
                              3. INVESTIGATIONS
                                1. XRAY - will only show once >40% of bone density is lost
                                  1. Vit D
                                    1. 25-hydroxy vitamin D normal range 75–250 nmol/L.
                                    2. DEXA

                                      Annotations:

                                      • dual energy xray absorptiometry spine and femoral neck GOLD STANDARD Tscore is the standard deviation of the mean BMD of a 30 y/o adult
                                      1. >1 Normal -1 to -2.5 Osteopenia <-2.5 Osteoporosis <-2.5 with fracture Severe Osteoporosis
                                        1. Recommended for all women who:
                                          1. > 50 y/o Postmenopausal, > 40 with a minimal trauma #, Fam Hx of OP, smoking hx or BMI< 18
                                      2. TREATMENT

                                        Annotations:

                                        • to reduce further loss
                                        1. Prevention
                                          1. Regular exercise Dietary Calcium
                                            1. 1000mg /day 50 to 70 y/o 1300 if > 70 y/o
                                              1. Premenopause 1000mg /day Postmenopause 1300mg/day
                                            2. ELIMINATE RISK FACTORS
                                              1. cigarette smoking high caffeine intake > 4 cups/day High etoh intake > 2 sd/day Low calcium intake Lack of Vit D Physical inactivity
                                              2. OPTIMISE LIFESTYLE MEASURES
                                                1. A combination of high intensity, weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises
                                                2. MEDS
                                                  1. ?HRT
                                                    1. Biphosphonates

                                                      Annotations:

                                                      • Decrease bone absorption, alone or in combination with things that protect from s/e 
                                                      1. upper gi, jaw osteonecrosis

                                                        Annotations:

                                                        • esophagitis, gastritis
                                                        1. oral bisphosphonates in the morning prior to foodf and remain upright for at least 30 minutes afterwards
                                                        2. jaw necrosis
                                                          1. maintain good po hygeine
                                                            1. IV > PO
                                                        3. Raloxifene SERM
                                                          1. DVT, PE, STROKE
                                                          2. Strontium ranelate
                                                            1. MI, Venous Thromboembolism
                                                        4. RESOURCES MURTAGH / NPS
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