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Determinism
- Clarence Darrow
- "punishment is not
admissible unless the
offender has free will to
select his course"
- External forces caused the
boys to commit that crime
- "punishment is not
admissible unless the
offender has free will to
select his course"
- Predestination
- Augustine and Divine
Election
- Whoever receives God's grace would
ultimately do good and therefore be
saved
- Whoever receives God's grace would
ultimately do good and therefore be
saved
- John Calvin
- God decides independently
of a persons qualities or
actions.
- He chooses who will be saved and who
will go their natural ways, ie sin
- He chooses who will be saved and who
will go their natural ways, ie sin
- "He does not create everyone
in the same condition but in
eternal life is for-ordained for
some, and eternal damnation
for other." (Institutes of
Christian Religion)
- God decides independently
of a persons qualities or
actions.
- Critiques
- Arminius- "predestination was
contrary to God's gift of free
will."
- Antinomianism, if predestination
is true there is no obligation to
follow the moral law
- Predestination completely goes
against the teachings of Jesus and
the bible in general.
- Arminius- "predestination was
contrary to God's gift of free
will."
- Augustine and Divine
Election
- Hard Determinism
- "Everything in the universe, including all human
actions has a cause which precedes it"(Palmer)
- Ted Honderich
- Nothing happens without reason (Aristotle), and
the reason for everything is out of humans control
- Everything a human does, is because of what has already happened
- Humans aren't morally responsible for their actions
- Humans aren't morally responsible for their actions
- Everything a human does, is because of what has already happened
- Nothing happens without reason (Aristotle), and
the reason for everything is out of humans control
- Pierre-Simon de Laplace
- Every human action could be predicted
if every single factor was known
- "Human beings are like complicated bits of
machinary....the performances of which are theoretically
predictable once these factors are known."
- Every human action could be predicted
if every single factor was known
- Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza
- "Those who believe that when they speak,
or are silent, or do anything else from a free
decree of the mind, dream with their eyes
open." (Spinoza)
- Freedom is an illusion of the mind
- "Those who believe that when they speak,
or are silent, or do anything else from a free
decree of the mind, dream with their eyes
open." (Spinoza)
- John Locke
- A man is in a locked
room but he wishes
to remain in the
room, not knowing it
is locked
- We believe our actions are free, but they
are not
- We believe our actions are free, but they
are not
- A man is in a locked
room but he wishes
to remain in the
room, not knowing it
is locked
- "Everything in the universe, including all human
actions has a cause which precedes it"(Palmer)
- Role of Science
- John Watson
- We live in a deterministic universe,
everything is based upon cause and effect
- Nature
- "The inheritance of a body and certain
psychological features
- "The inheritance of a body and certain
psychological features
- Nurture
- Manipulation of a man's surroundings
could effect his behaviour
- Pavlov
- Conditioning dogs
- Conditioning dogs
- Zimbardo
- Stanford Prison Experiment
- Stanford Prison Experiment
- Pavlov
- Manipulation of a man's surroundings
could effect his behaviour
- Nature
- We live in a deterministic universe,
everything is based upon cause and effect
- Karl Marx
- Working people were
controlled by structural
effect of society
- Working people were
controlled by structural
effect of society
- Thomas Sowell
- "human self is infinitely
plastic, allowing humanity
to be changed."
- Defended by Clarence Darrow
- Defended by Clarence Darrow
- "human self is infinitely
plastic, allowing humanity
to be changed."
- John Watson
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