Pragmatics

Pragmatics

1. Embodied Knowledge

   • knowledge that is associated with memories of physically experiencing something
   • E.g the sights and smells of visiting a city

2. Schema

   • a bundle of knowledge about a concept, person or event

3. Co-text

   • other words or phrases surrounding a word in a text

4. Cooperative principle

   • general principle that people work together to communicate

5. Conversational Maxims

   • explicit principles that provide a backdrop for conversation to place so that speakers can easily understand one another

6. Implicature

   • an implied meaning that has to be inferred by a speaker as a result of the maxims being broken

7. Positive face need

   • a universal need to feel valued and appreciated

8. Negative face need

   • a universal need to feel independent and not to feel imposed upon

9. Face threatening act

   • a speech act that the potential to damage someone else's self-esteem either in terms of +ive or -ive face

10. Politeness Strategies

    • Distinctive ways in which speakers can choose to speak to avoid threatening face

11. Deixis

    • words that are context-bound and whose meaning depends on who is using them, and where and when they are being used

12. Proximal deixis

    • deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events or people close to the speaker

13. Deictic categories

    • types of deictic expressions
      • Spatial
      • Temporal
      • Person

14. Distal deixis

    • deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events or people at a distance from the speaker