Renaissance

Annotations:

• Renaissance covers fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Renaissance is important. Not only it is the period highly engaging, but it also offers us several lessons by which we can approach the world today.

1. Arts

   Annotations:

   • Arts such as sculptures, paintings, and poetry help spread humanism ideas. I put it hear because the arts affect Renaissance a lots.
   1. Leonardo da Vinci

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      • Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo, was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music.
   2. Michelangelo

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      • Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
   3. Shakespeare

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      • William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.
   4. Non Religious Themes

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      • Because humanism focus on people not god, so most of the arts reflect non religious themes.
   5. Perspective

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      • Renaissance brings, difference ideas, so the artist will do difference works.
   6. Raphael

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      • Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
   7. Donatello

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      • Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, better known as Donatello, was an early Renaissance sculptor from Florence.
   8. Petrarch

      Annotations:

      • Francesco Petrarca, commonly anglicized as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, and one of the earliest humanists. 
   9. Change

      Annotations:

      • Renaissance brings new ideas, so it changes several aspects such as Arts, Science, and Architecture.
2. Medicine

   Annotations:

   • Medicine is very important to Renaissance and to people. If people have diseases, they can rely on medicine to recover from the diseases.  
   1. Vesalius

      Annotations:

      • Andreas Vesalius was an anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica. I put him here, ecause he was more focus on the physics things, so I think that he will be in the medicine part.
3. Politics

   Annotations:

   • After the collapse of the Roman Empire around 500 A.D., the only unifying force remaining was the Roman Catholic Church. It also affect the Renaissance a lots, because we must have the politics to control the city-states and maintain the people's lives.
   1. Medici Family

      Annotations:

      • The Medici story began around the 12th century, when family members from the Tuscan village of Cafaggiolo emigrated to Florence. Through banking and commerce, the Medicis rose to become one of the most important houses in Florence. Also, the Medici Family would more about the politics, so decided to put it here.
4. Power of the Church and Kings Challenged

   Annotations:

   • Renaissance focus on independent thinking, so people will have their own thought, so they will not follow the rules of the Church or the Kings as before.
5. Printing

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   • Printing helps the spread of Renaissance ideas to other countries.
   1. Famous Printed Bible

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      • The Printing press can print out more bibles, so more people can read them.
   2. Gutenberg

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      • This was the person who invented printing press. The printing press was very important for people, because it helped people learn and spread the ideas.
6. Science

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   • Because there was a renaissance, so people started to focus on science, and figure more things out about science.
   1. Copernicus

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      • Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe.
   2. Galileo

      Annotations:

      • Galileo Galilei, was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.
7. Philospher

   Annotations:

   • Because Renaissance brings new ideas, it also changes people philosophy.
   1. Machiavelli

      Annotations:

      •  Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science.
8. Ancient Greek and Rome

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   • Renaissance began to focus on the classical ideas and values in ancient Greek and Rome.
   1. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

      Annotations:

      • The Renaissance saw a rebirth of classical ideals, and I put it here, because I think that the Rebirth of Classical Ideas will affect the Ancient Greek and Rome. Also, those ideas was form the ancient Greek and Rome.
9. Architecture

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   • It can reflect the style of the time. It is important for people, because people had to live in the buildings.
   1. Brunelleschi

      Annotations:

      • Filippo Brunelleschi was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. Also, he is the designer of the architecture.
10. Humanism

    Annotations:

    • All of these changes centered around the idea of Humanism in which, people became less "God Centered" and more "Human-centered". 
    1. Independent Thinking

       Annotations:

       • humanism focuses on reason and human mind; people should have reason and they should think independently. 
    2. Florence, Italy

       Annotations:

       • Florence was very important during Renaissance, because it was a major center of Renaissance culture. All the humanism ideas were from Florence, Italy.