Protection of species & habitats

An international problem
1. ~the loss of habitats & incr number of endangered species is a worldwide problem. ->can be tackled at a local level but these efforts may be insignificant if other countries don't contribute. ->therefore needs a worldwide solution => international cooperation in conservation can be achieved in a number of ways.
CITES
1. ~Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora (CITES) =an international agreement between the majority of governments in the world ->first agreed in 1973 ->Overall aim =ensure that international trade in specimens of wildlife doesn't threaten their survival ->overall 25000 species of plants & animals have been identified as being at risk from international trade.
  1. AIMS:
    1. *regulate & monitor international trade in selected species of plants & animals
    2. *ensure that international trade doesn't endanger the survival of pops in the wild
    3. *ensure that trade in wild plants for commercial purpose is prohibited
    4. *ensure that trade in artificially propagated plants is allowed, subject to permit
    5. *ensure that some slightly less endangered wild species may be traded subject to a permit, as agreed between the exporting & importing countries
    6. ~international trade polices can be very hard to enforce ->where there is demand for a product, there will be attempts to supply it ->smuggling of live plants & animals & their products, (such as ivory), is a constant problem
Rio convention on biological diversity
1. ~the convention on biological diversity was signed by 150 government leaders at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit ->its dedicated to promoting sustainable development ->recognises that biological diversity is about more than plants, animals, micoorganisms & their ecosystems. ->it's also about people & our need for secure sources of food, medicines, fresh air & water, shelter & a clean & healthy environment in which to live.
  1. AIMS:
    1. *conservation of biological diversity
    2. *sustainable use of its components
    3. *appropriate shared access to genetic resources
    4. *appropriate sharing & transfer of scientific knowledge & technologies
    5. *fair & equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources
  2. ~the convention encourages cooperation between countries & states ->encourages each partner to develop a national strategy for conservation & the sustainable use of biological diversity ->more specifically, =states that partner states must adopt ex situ conservation facilities, mainly to complement in situ measures
Role of zooz, botanic gardens & seed banks
1. ~international cooperation involves the sharing of research genetic info & tech ->Ex situ =in different member states provides support for each other & share their technologies & genetic material
2. ~Breeding programmes in zoos =strengthen ->import animals from parks or zoos in other countries-> diff wildlife parks & zoos specialise in the breeding of diff animals ->hold 'studbooks' for that species for the world zoo community. ->time expense & distress to rare animals can be reduced by importing genetic material. ->reintroduction on animals bred in zoos will fail unless there is cooperation from countries where the animals are reintroduced. ->wildlife reserves with suitable protection for animals & plants =essential for successful reintroduction
3. ~plant- breeding programmes can be enhanced by sharing stored specimens ->kew millennium seed bank= has partner projects in about 50 countries around the world ->they duplicate the collections in case of unforeseen disaster
4. ~level of sharing =demonstrated by statistics from millennium seed bank ->seed info database contains hundreds of thousands of records available to other projects
Local conservation schemes
1. ~conservation schemes aren't limited to international agreements -> agreements with local land owners & tenants =designed to enhance the biodiversity & conservation value of land at a local level
Countryside stewardship scheme
1. ~introduced in England in 1991 ->applied to land that wasn't considered to be in an environmentally sensitive area ->payments were made to farmers & other land managers in order to enhance & conserve English landscapes. ->grants also available for capital works like hedge laying, planting & repairing dry stone walls
  1. AIMS:
    1. *improve natural beauty & diversity of countryside
    2. *enhance, restore & recreate targeted landscapes, their wildlife habitats & historical features
    3. *improve opportunities for public access
  2. ~this scheme was replaced by the environmental stewardship scheme in 2005
    1. ~environmental stewardship scheme provides funding to farmers & other land managers in Eng to deliver effective environmental management on their land ->aim =provide funding & advice to help land managers to conserve, enhance & promote the countryside by:
      1. *looking after wildlife, species & their many habitats
        *ensuring land is well managed & retains its traditional character
        *protecting historic features & natural resources
        *ensuring traditional livestock & crops are conserved
        *providing opportunities for people to visit & learn about the countryside

Next up

Protection of species & habitats

Description

Resource summary

Similar

	Created by S M about 10 years ago