Adaptive Immune Response

It is specific
Immune components are activated only after infection start
Response magnitude is higher in the second and subsequent encounter
Immunological memory is stored
Lymphoid organs
1. Primary
  1. Production sites of immune cells
  2. Maturation sites for immune cells in the absence of antigen
2. Secondary
  1. Maturation sites for antigen-driven immune cells
Lymphocyte
1. T cells
  1. Mature in thymus
2. B cells
  1. Mature in bone marrow
3. Antigen- independence
  1. Have surface markers or receptors
    1. Bind to antigens
    2. Bind to receptors on other cells
    3. Transmit and receive messages
  2. Receptor molecules
    1. Major histocompatibility complex (MHS)
      1. Classes
        Class 1
        Expressed on all nucleated cells
        Class 2
        Antigen-presenting cells
        Class 3
        Protein associated with the complement system
    2. Cluster of differentiation (CD)
      1. CD4
        Binds to MHS class 2
      2. CD8
        Binds to MHS class 1
    3. Antigen-specific receptors
      1. Mature T and B cells
        Carry one specific type of receptors called clones
        To eliminate lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens
        T-cell receptors
        Supported by CD4 and CD8
        Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies in B cells
        IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
T-cell Response
1. T helper cell
  1. Activate other cells
2. Memory T cell
  1. Store immunological memory
3. Regulatory T cells
  1. Prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity
4. Cytotoxic T cells
  1. Attack infected, cancerous and foreign cells
B cells
1. Memory B cells
  1. Store immunological memory
2. Regulatory B cells
  1. Prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity
3. Plasma cells
  1. Launch antibodies
    1. Neutralisation
    2. Opsonisation
    3. Agglutination
    4. Antitoxin action

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Adaptive Immune Response

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	Created by Mohd Amirul Faiz Zulkifli about 8 years ago