Cells of the Immune System

Description

Biochemistry (Immunity) Mind Map on Cells of the Immune System, created by zambrella on 23/04/2013.
zambrella
Mind Map by zambrella, updated more than 1 year ago
zambrella
Created by zambrella over 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Cells of the Immune System
  1. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
    1. Small lymphocyte
      1. Production of antibodies (B cells) or cytotoxic and helper functions (T cells)
      2. Natural killer cell
        1. Kills cells infected with certain viruses
        2. Plasma cell
          1. Fully diferentiated form of B cell that secreted antibodies
          2. Dendritic cell
            1. Activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune response
              1. Sessile dendritic cells
                1. Contact with external environment e.g. skin
              2. Neutrophil
                1. Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
                  1. Large range of receptors that mediate recognition and phagocytosis
                    1. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)
                      1. Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
                        1. NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
                          1. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)
                            1. Other cytosolic nucleic acid sensors
                              1. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
                              2. Receptors that detect signalling proteins e.g. cytokines
                                1. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)
                                  1. Some are lymphocyte surface associated
                                    1. Some are intracellular
                                      1. Some are circulating
                                        1. Recognise, opsonise and some may be directly antimicrobial
                                      2. Can make alpha-defensins
                                        1. Pore forming peptide antibiotic
                                      3. Basopohil
                                        1. Unknown
                                        2. Eosinophil
                                          1. Killing of antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents
                                          2. Mast cell
                                            1. Expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents
                                            2. Monocyte
                                              1. Circulating precursor cell to macrophage
                                              2. Macrophage
                                                1. Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms. Activation of T cells and initiation of immune response
                                                  1. Motile mactrophages
                                                    1. Patrol tissues acting as a first line of defence
                                                      1. Act as scavengers that rid the body of worn-out cells and other debris
                                                      2. Subcategorised depending on anatomical location
                                                        1. Alveolar (lungs)
                                                          1. Osteoclasts (bone)
                                                            1. Microglia (brain)
                                                              1. Kupffer cells (liver)
                                                              2. Have receptors that can talk to T-cells and mediate adaptive immunity
                                                            2. Lymphocyte
                                                              1. Travel via the lymphatic system
                                                                1. Lymph nodes act as sites of communication between lymphocytes
                                                                2. Use confocal microscopy and staining to study cells
                                                                  1. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)
                                                                  2. Recognition by lymphocyte
                                                                    1. Acid
                                                                      1. Toxic oxygen derivatives
                                                                        1. Peptides and proteins
                                                                          1. Enzymes
                                                                            1. Competitors
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