Primary Survey and CPR Sequence

Primary Survey and CPR Sequence

1. 1: Hazards

   • Is it safe
     • For you
       • Use gloves and a mouth piece to prevent the spread of diseases and germs
     • In the area where you are
       • Look around the area to see if there is anything which can potentially harm you or further harm the person whom ypu are trying to help
     • For the person
       • Prevent any further injury

2. 2: Hello

   • Tap and Talk
     • "Hello are you okay?"
       • If the person doesn't wake up the first time you say this. do it again while tapping on their shoulders
       • If awake, you do not need to tap them or preform CPR
         • Call for help and immediately start Secondary Survey
           • Ask for permission to help and say you are trained in First Aid
           • If a minor, they cannot refuse help
     • "My name is Lauren. Can I help you?"
       • If unconscious - implied consent is given
       • If they refuse help, call an ambulance and stay near the person

3. 3: Help

   • 1: AMBULANCE
     • Make call yourself
     • Get someone else to phone
     • 082 911
       • 084 124
       • 10177
       • 112
   • 2: BROKEN
     • What is wrong
   • 3:COME BACK
     • Ask them to come back for a spare set of hands
       • AED
       • FIRST AID KIT

4. 4: Signs of life - Scan chest for 5 - 10 seconds

   • Signs of breathing
     • Chest moving
     • Stomach moving
   • Signs of movement
     • Arms move
     • Legs move
     • Eyes move
     • Face moves

5. 5: Compressions - 30 Compressions

   • Remove all clothing covering the chest so that you can see the middle of the chest
   • Find middle of the chest using nipples as a guide
   • Pressing on the breastbone (sternum)
   • With one hand on the sternum place the other hand on top and lift the fingers up, so that they don't press on the ribs
   • The correct body placement is kneeling beside the person with your shoulders directly above your hands. Your arms should be straight and locked in position over the heart, so that your elbows do not bend during compressions

6. 6: Airways

   • Here you open the airway with Head Tilt Chin Lift Method
     • This lifts the tongue from the back of the throat and clears the airways
   • One hand is placed on the bone of the chin; the other is placed on the forehead
   • The hand on the chin lifts upwards
   • The hand on the forehead pushes downwards

7. 7: Breathing

   • Here place your mouth piece in the person's mouth
   • Pinch the nose closed with the fingers resting on the forehead over the plastic of the mouth piece
     • This ensures that the airway is open and all the air given in the rescue breaths goes into the lungs and does not go out the nose
   • Using a Barrier Device / Mouth Piece/ Pocket Mask, give the First Rescue Breath over 1 - 2 seconds
     • While looking at the chest to see that it rises
   • It if doesn't rise reposition the head and try again
     • If this still doesn't work proceed to Chest Compressions
   • If the First Breath is successful continue with the Second Rescue breath
   • Then continue giving sets of : 30 Compressions and 2 Breaths