Population in transition

Population in transition

1. CBR

   • 1950
     • 55
       • Yamen, Angola, Somalia, Malawi, Oman
     • 15
       • Austria, Sweden, Estonia, Denmark, France, Norway, Greece, Spain
   • 2012
     • 45-51
       • Niger (51), Afganistan (45), Burkina Faso, Chad, Congo, Somalia
     • 7.5
       • Japan, China, Germany, Italy, S.Korea, Greece

2. CDR

   • 2012
     • 19
       • Afganistan, Lesotho, Ucraine, Central Af, Chad, Angola, Mozambique 
     • 1.5
       • United Arab Emigrates, Quatar, Kuwiat, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Lybia, Philipines, Mexico
   • 1950
     • 5
       • Montenegro, Israel, Greece, Netherlands, Norway, Canada, Denmark, NZ, Finland 
     • 37
       • Afganistan, Angola, Yamen, Mozambique, Somalia

3. TFR

   • 2012
     • 7.6
       • Niger, Mali, Somalia, Chad, 
     • 1-2
       • China (1.1), Taiwan, Singapore, N.Korea, Romania, Macedonia, Ukraine, Poland
   • 1950
     • 8.2
       • Rwanda, Iraq, Afganistan, Algeria, Jordan
     • 2
       • Luxemburg, Latvia, AU, UK, Sweden, Estonia, Norway, NZ (3.3), Japan (3.4) 

4. LE

   • 1950
     • 25
       • Yamen, Mali, Afganistan, Angola, Burkina Faso
     • 73
       • Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, NZ, Switzerland, Australia
   • 2012
     • 45
       • Sierra Leone, Botswana, Swaziland, Congo, Central Af, Mozambique, Chad, Niger, Mali
     • 83
       • Japan, China, Switzerland, Australia, Singapore, Spain, Iceland, Sweden

5. IMR

   • 2012
     • 117
       • Sierra Leone, Angola, Congo, Somalia, Central Af, Chad, Niger, Mali, Afganistan
     • 23
       • Luxemburg, Iceland, Japan, Finland, Singapore, Estonia
   • 1950
     • 280
       • Pakistan, Iraqu, S.Korea, Benin, China, India, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Swaziland
     • 22
       • Sweden, Netherlands, Australia, NZ, USA, UK, Cuba

6. POPULATION

   • At stage 4 of Demographic Transition Model population increases even though CBR and CDR are almost equal. Why? Due to Population Momentum
   • Momentum
     • tendency of a pop to grow/decline despite fall/rise in TFR & CBR
       • due to relatively high conc. of ppl in the pre-childbearing age & excess of CBR over CDR
         • Young ppl grow older and CBR exceeds CDR
       • Needs to be considered when making pop projection
   • Projection
     • Predictions about future pop based on TFR, mortality, migrations, statistics
   • MIGRATION - 214ml migrants!
     • Movement of ppl including a change of residence. Doesn't include temporary circulations (holidays) Top migrant destination - USA Top emigration country - Mexico 
     • Internal, ex Brazil
       • From NorthEast (drough) -->SouthEast (Sao Paulo) or rural areas ---> cities (Rio de Janeiro) http://www.geographypods.com/uploads/7/6/2/2/7622863/excellent_case_study_brazil_docuent.pdf
     • Forced - causes?
       • - env disasters - social (discrimination) - legally forced - political  (wars / civil conflicts) - health (epidemics)
       • differences between refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced ppl ?
         • http://www.unrefugees.org/site/c.lfIQKSOwFqG/b.4950731/k.A894/What_is_a_refugee.htmhttp://www.forcedmigration.org/about/whatisfm
       • ex. Darfur (region in W Sudan)
         • http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine2005_2/22-23.html
     • increasing - why?
       • Due to: - access to info - international school programs - easier/ cheapier transportation - legal issues - general increase of world's pop
     • different trends
       • - globalization - acceleration - feminization - differenciation
     • Voluntar - causes?
       • - eco (work) - social (families- env (space)- cultural - edu / schools- health- political views 
     • Impact (in general)
       • On destination
       • On origin
         • Remittances
           • - increased from $60bln (1990) to $240 bln (2007) - Increase inflation rates in DC - double the amount of foreign aid- up to 30% of DC GDP - 30% Mexicans relay on money from USA, $22bln send to Mexico !- India - the biggest recipient ($27 bln)
         • Ppl who come back
           • - more edu, can spread knowledge -faster development - architecture/technology/culture influenced (American food, tattoos xD) - send money -increased earnings opportunities -introduce new ideas
         • When they left
           • - less devastated env - reduced pressure on resources - reduced social/ demographic pressures (lower density) - lower BR but higher DR!
         • +
         • -
         • When they left
           • - EU orphans, females left alone (80% Mexicans have family members in USA) - unbalanced pop pyramid- youth deficit, ageing pop, increasing DR!- difficulties introducing changes-slower development- lower density, less ppl to work and sustain old ppl- brain drain - intelligence leaves the country- loss of edu investments 
     • External, ex. Mexico --> USA
       • http://www.geographypods.com/3-migration.html