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640268
Evolution
Description
Mind Map on Evolution, created by mrrizkalla on 16/03/2014.
Mind Map by
mrrizkalla
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
mrrizkalla
about 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Evolution
Mutation
Def: Change
Darwin
de Vries
Examples
Morgan
Sickle cell anemia
Transposases and Corn
Types
Nucleotide substitutions (transition vs. transversion ?)
Indels
Duplication
Classification
Coding
Synonymous
Nonsynonymous
Nonsense
Read-through
Frame-shift
Non-coding
NTR
UTR
Introns
Regulatory
Mutation Rates
Loss of function (per gene/generation)
Sequencing (per bp/generation)
Drift
Mutation-Drift Equilibrium
Neutral theory
Mutations we observe are mostly neutral
Def. Loss or fixation
theta = 4 N*mu
Assumption: Complete neutrality
Explains
Polymorphism
Population size
Rate of evolution
Rate of neutral evolution (divergence) (k) = # mutations * prob. fix
Independent of N
= mu (pure neut.)
Fixed in species/generations
k = mu * f0 (Kimura)
f0 per protein
f0 0 per DNA
Molecular clock (constancy of change)
Prob. fix(t=1) = (1/2N)^2N
Why 4N?
H-W
Assumptions
No selection
No mutation
No migration
No random drift
Random mating
Equilibrium
f(AA) = p^2
f(aa) = q^2
f(Aa) = 2pq
Selection
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