The Structure Of An Atom.

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This is a mind map showing the structure of an Atom
Beth Howard
Mind Map by Beth Howard, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Beth Howard
Created by Beth Howard over 8 years ago
Beth Howard
Copied by Beth Howard over 8 years ago
Beth Howard
Copied by Beth Howard over 8 years ago
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The Structure Of An Atom.
  1. Electrons
    1. Have a relative charge of -1
      1. Electrons are held in shells
      2. Neutrons
        1. The Neutrons are found in the nucleus
          1. Neutrons are neutral, they have no charge
          2. Protons
            1. The Protons are found in the Nucleus
              1. Have a relative charge of +1
                1. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number
                2. The Structure
                  1. The Neutrons and Protons are found in the nucleus which is at the centre of the diagram.
                    1. Electrons are around the nucleus in shells.
                      1. Depending on the shell, it depends how many electrons fit onto it.
                        1. The first shell around the nucleus can hold up yo 2 electrons, the second and third can hold up to 8
                        2. The number of protons is always the same as the number of electrons
                          1. The number of electrons on the outer most shell shows what group the element is in
                            1. For example, in this diagram, there are 6 electrons on the outer ring, this means it must be in group 6 on the periodic table.
                              1. If you count up the number of electrons on the diagram, it equals the atomic number of the element
                            2. Example
                              1. This atom diagram has the electron number - 2,8,1
                                1. It has 3 shells and the last shell has 1 electron on it, this means it is in group 1 on the periodic table
                                  1. The total number of electrons is 11. This means the element must be Sodium.
                                  2. Theories
                                    1. Dalton
                                      1. He came up with some theories in the 1800's. He did many tests and came to these main conclusions
                                        1. All matter is made of atoms
                                          1. Atoms can't be made any smaller
                                            1. Compounds are made when 2 or more atoms are joined together
                                          2. JJ Thompson
                                            1. He discovered the electron in 1897. He found out that atoms could be broken into smaller peices.
                                            2. Rutherford
                                              1. In 1911 Ernest Rutherford used experiments to show that an atom contains a central nucleus. This supported the fact that an atom can be broken into smaller pieces.
                                              2. Bohr
                                                1. Neil further developed Rutherford idea of the atomic model. He found out that electrons orbit the nucleus in shells.
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