Localisation of function in the brain

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A-Level Psychology Mind Map on Localisation of function in the brain, created by ellie mcsorland on 22/10/2016.
ellie mcsorland
Mind Map by ellie mcsorland, updated more than 1 year ago
ellie mcsorland
Created by ellie mcsorland over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Localisation of function in the brain
  1. Phineas Gage case study
    1. rail road accident, helped aid understanding about brain localisation
      1. Iron pole through cheek
        1. caused a personality change (rude and aggressive)
        2. must be careful about not generalising findings
      2. Hemispheric lateralisation
        1. left hemisphere processes information from the right side and vice versa (contralaterality)
          1. Brocas area- producing speech
            1. Wernickes area- understanding speech
              1. auditory centres- receives information from the cochlea. Left ear information goes to the right auditory cortex etc
              2. Evaluation
                1. Equipotentiality
                  1. Ashley could not find a specific area of rats brain that were responsible for specific memories
                    1. wary about applying animal studies to humans
                    2. plasticity
                      1. intact healthy areas of cortex to take over cognitive functions of the brain damaged areas
                      2. degree of brain damage is not caused by localisation of damage but the extent of the damage
                      3. importance of communication
                        1. brain areas may be less isolated than first thought
                          1. eg Wernicke stressed how brain areas were interdependent
                            1. damage to brain area connections causes lower cognitive function
                              1. damage between visual and wernickes lowers reading ability
                        2. evaluation
                          1. Brocas area not solely responsible for speech
                            1. MRI scans in the late 1800s show damages to other areas of brooks areas too
                            2. Aphasia
                              1. inability to understand or produce speech
                              2. Individual differences
                                1. Baheveliar
                                  1. differences in activation across the right temporal lobe and left frontal, temporal and occipital lies during a silent reading task
                                    1. reported a greater use of language by women is reflected in their proportionally larger brooks and wernickes area
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