7249117
Description
Mind Map by Eugene McLaughlin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Eugene McLaughlin
over 7 years ago
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Bones of lower limb
- Tibia & Fibula
- Articulates with femoral
condyles - proximally
- Articulates with talus - distally
- Fibula is for muscle
attachment but also
supports ankle joint
- Connected by dense oblique fibres
- Interosseous membrane
- Interosseous membrane
- Articulates with femoral
condyles - proximally
- Femur
- Shaft
- Linea aspera
- Aponeurotic
attachment for thigh
muscles
- Divides the supracondylar lines
- Leading to the medial & lateral epicondyles
- Medial & lateral condyles - inferior too
- Femoral condyles articulate with menisci
- Menisci - plates of fibrocartilage
- Femoral condyles articulate with tibia plateau via menisci
- Condyles form a relatively flat articular surface
- Tibia
- Tibial tuberosity provides
attachments for the patellar
ligament
- Inferior surface of the tibial shaft & lateral surface of
medial malleolus articulate with talus
- Therefore covered with articular cartilage
- As does the lateral malleolus of the fibula
which extends 1cm more distally
- Therefore covered with articular cartilage
- Nutrient foramen on the tibia
provides passage of the main
artery supplying the proximal
bone and marrow
- Tibial tuberosity provides
attachments for the patellar
ligament
- Medial and lateral condyles separated by intercondylar eminence
- Formed by two intercondylar tubercles
- Tubercles fit into the intercondylar fossa between femoral condyles
- Provide attachment for the menisci, ACL &
PCL which hold the femur & tibia together
- Tubercles fit into the intercondylar fossa between femoral condyles
- Anterior & posterior to which are
rough intercondylar areas
- Formed by two intercondylar tubercles
- Tibia
- Condyles form a relatively flat articular surface
- Menisci - plates of fibrocartilage
- Femoral condyles articulate with menisci
- Proximal attachments of MCL & LCL
- Superior to medial epicondyle is adductor tubercle
- Medial & lateral condyles - inferior too
- Leading to the medial & lateral epicondyles
- Aponeurotic
attachment for thigh
muscles
- Intertrochanteric line
- Continues inferiorly and posteriorly
as the spiral/pectineal line
- Neck & shaft join (anteriorly)
- Roughened ridge formed by attachment of
iliofemoral ligament
- Roughened ridge formed by attachment of
iliofemoral ligament
- Continues inferiorly and posteriorly
as the spiral/pectineal line
- Linea aspera
- Head
- Covered with articular cartilage (Hyaline)
- Except at a depression (fovea)
- Attachment of ligament
of head of femur
- Attachment of ligament
of head of femur
- Except at a depression (fovea)
- Covered with articular cartilage (Hyaline)
- Neck
- Advantageous for bipedal walking it imposes
considerable strain of femoral neck
- Fractures of neck can occur in elderly people
- Fractures of neck can occur in elderly people
- Angle of inclination between the head & shaft is greatest as a child &
becomes more acute as an adult - average 126 degrees
- Thigh adductors & rotators attach mainly to the apex of the angle
- Greater trochanter
- Intertrochanteric crest
- Posteriorly connects the trochanters
- Quadrate tubercle
- Rounded projection on the crest
- Rounded projection on the crest
- Posteriorly connects the trochanters
- Intertrochanteric crest
- Therefore they are pulling on a lever that
is directed more laterally providing
increased leverage for adduction
- Greater trochanter
- Angle allows greater mobility at the hip
as it places the head/neck more
perpendicular to the acetabulum
- Angle is less in females due to wider
hips and more oblique femurs
- Thigh adductors & rotators attach mainly to the apex of the angle
- Advantageous for bipedal walking it imposes
considerable strain of femoral neck
- Heaviest/Longest bone in the body
- Transmits body weight from
hip bone to the tibia
- Oblique within the thighs so
when standing, the knees are
inferior to the trunk
- Returns centre of
gravity medially to
the vertical lines
of legs & feet
- Returns centre of
gravity medially to
the vertical lines
of legs & feet
- Oblique within the thighs so
when standing, the knees are
inferior to the trunk
- Shaft
- Hip
- Acetabulum
- Socket that articulates with the
head of femur to form the hip
joint
- Made easier by smooth
lunate surface of the
acetabulum
- Made easier by smooth
lunate surface of the
acetabulum
- Acetabular notch
- Transverse acetabular ligament
- Transverse acetabular ligament
- Acetabular fossa
- Depression in the acetabulum
- Depression in the acetabulum
- Socket that articulates with the
head of femur to form the hip
joint
- Formed by fusion of 3 bones
- Ilium
- Superior part of acetabulum
- Thick medial portions for weightbearing
- Thin posterolateral portions (Ala) that provide
broad surfaces for muscle attachment
- iliac crest provides important site for
aponeurotic attachment
- Attachment for thin sheet like muscles of deep fascia
- Attachment for thin sheet like muscles of deep fascia
- iliac fossa
- Smooth depression for iliacus
- Smooth depression for iliacus
- Gluteal Fossa
- Gluteal lines
- Gluteus Maximus
- Posterior to posterior line & iliac crest
- Posterior to posterior line & iliac crest
- Gluteus Medius
- Between posterior & anterior lines
- Between posterior & anterior lines
- Gluteus Minimus
- Between anterior & inferior lines
- Between anterior & inferior lines
- Gluteus Maximus
- Gluteal lines
- iliac crest provides important site for
aponeurotic attachment
- Superior part of acetabulum
- Pubis
- Forms anterior part of acetabulum
- pubic crest provides
attachment for
abdominals
- Obturator Foramen
- Formed by rami of pubis and ischium
- Obturator Canal
- allows passage of the obturator nerve
and blood vessels
- allows passage of the obturator nerve
and blood vessels
- Obturator Canal
- Minimise bony mass
- Obturator Membrane
- Closes the foramen around the canal
- provides extensive surface area on
both sides for muscle attachment
- Closes the foramen around the canal
- Formed by rami of pubis and ischium
- Forms anterior part of acetabulum
- Ischium
- Lesser sciatic notch serves
as a trochlea (pulley)
- ischial spine between the
sciatic notches provides
ligamentous attachment
- Posterior-inferior part of acetabulum
- Lesser sciatic notch serves
as a trochlea (pulley)
- Ilium
- Acetabulum
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