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General /History of LTP/LTD

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Third Level/Tertiary Exams SYNAPTIC Mind Map on General /History of LTP/LTD, created by ob8313 on 07/05/2013.
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General /History of LTP/LTD
  1. Trisynaptic loop
    1. medial and lateral PP-DG granule cells - MFP-CA3pyramidal-SCCP-CA1 pyramidal-Out
      1. Associational commissural - CA3-CA3
        1. on to CA3
          1. Excitatory onto CA1 - MF, PP, AC
            1. Interneurons - GABA
              1. Extrinsic: ACH, 5HT, DA
          2. Most commonly studied: CA3-CA1 - electrophysiological recordings
            1. Synaptic Plasticity: change in functional coupling between discrete neuronal structures
              1. Developmental - hrs - lifetime
                1. Short-term - ms-mins
                  1. Long-term - hrs, months, years
                    1. Pathological: changed wiring
                      1. Epilepsy/neuropathic pain
                      2. Regenerative
                        1. Rewiring after trauma if connection broken
                      3. why?
                        1. Memory
                          1. Addiction/reward
                            1. Sensory - visual
                              1. Network maintenance
                                1. Network computation
                                  1. Pathology
                                  2. How?
                                    1. Induction
                                      1. Expression
                                        1. Maintenance
                                          1. Extinction
                                            1. Pre-S
                                              1. VG-function - membrane potential
                                                1. Number of NT vesicles released
                                                  1. Content of each vesicle
                                                    1. No. of release sites
                                                    2. Post S
                                                      1. No. of receptors
                                                        1. Receptor efficiency
                                                          1. P(o)
                                                            1. Single channel conductance
                                                            2. Change in spine size/active zone No.
                                                              1. Ionic gradient - Cl-, K+
                                                              2. Trans-synaptic
                                                                1. Change in NT clearance
                                                                  1. EC ion conc
                                                                    1. EC pH
                                                                  2. Stages of LTP
                                                                    1. Early LTP - Protein Kinase dependent, protein synthesis and Transcription independent
                                                                      1. Late LTP - Protein Kinase, Protein synthesis and Transcription dependent - transcription in soma - Ca2+ dependent 2nd messenger - CREB
                                                                        1. STP: NMDAr dependent but not PK or PS dependent
                                                                        2. Induction properties of LTP
                                                                          1. Associativity
                                                                            1. Induction is influenced by activity at other synapses
                                                                              1. If weak pathway input immediatly preceeds strong pathway input then weak pathway (below cooperativity threshold) will be potentaited too
                                                                            2. Co-operativity
                                                                              1. Cooperativity between afferent fibres - intensity threshold for LTP
                                                                                1. Need to stimulate enough fibres
                                                                              2. Input-specificity- potentiation only occurs at active synpases
                                                                                1. Homosynaptic
                                                                                  1. only conditioned synapse expreses plasticity
                                                                                  2. Heterosynaptic
                                                                                    1. Conditioned and some non-conditioned express plasticity
                                                                                  3. Goddard Lab - McNaughton et al 1978
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