Enzymes in Cleaning Industry

Enzymes in Cleaning Industry

1. 5. Enzymes that usually seen in cleaning industry.

   • Cellulases
     • It is the enzyme that used to do overall cleaning and brightening the color on the clothes. Fuzz on the clothes are the reason that makes clothes look dirty and not clean as before. Cellulases prevent the built up of fuzz. (Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
   • Amylases
     • 7. The enzymes, Amylases , are used to break down starch.
       • starch
         • a type of carbohydrates, which is made by C, H, and O. Many food contains starch, for example, potato, cereals, and bread. (Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
     • It is the enzyme that makes the reaction of breaking down starch faster. Normally, it is used to remove the starch-based stain on the clothes.(Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
   • Pectinases
     • 8. Pectinases use hydrolysis to break the bonds in pectin and make pectin into smaller molecules.
       • Pectin
         • It is a polysaccharide with the structure of α-1-4 linked polygalacturonic acid with different side chains. Jams, berries, or other process foods contain pectin. (Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
     • It is the enzyme that used to remove the pectin based dirt. It breaks pectin into smaller molecule in order to clean the stains, so that the reaction will go faster with small pieces. (Damhus, Kaasgaard and Olsen, 2013)
   • Lipeases
     • 9. Lipeases increase the speed of the reaction of breaking down triglycerides.
       • triglycerides
         • Triglycerides are made by one glycerol and three fatty acids. It is a non-polar molecule so it is hard to remove from clothes without enzymes. (Damhus, Kaasgaard and Olsen, 2013
     • It is the enzyme that helping the reaction of breaking down triglyceride into fatty acid.(Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
   • Mannanases
     • 10. Mannanases break down carbohydrates, such as guar gum and locust bean gum
       • Carbohydrates
         • Carbohydrates are mainly made by C, H, and O. Also, they usually have the proportion of 1:2:1. (Damhus, Kaasgaard and Olsen, 2013)
         • figure 4: examples of carbohydrates from: http://dailybrainstorms.com/tuesday-tips-carbohydrate-makeover/
     • Guar gum and locust bean gum are the main targets that mannanases are going to break down. Mannanases break the products that contain guar gum or locust bean gum into smaller polar molecule so that they can dissolve in water. (Damhus, Kaasgaard and Olsen, 2013)
   • Proteases
     • 6. Proteins are the target for the enzymes proteases.
       • Proteins
         • a group of amino acids makes proteins and it is the source of energy for animals. Meat, blood, and grass contain proteins. (Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
     • It is the enzyme that increased the speed of breaking down proteins. Lower down the activation energy. Make the reaction go faster and more efficient. (Hasan, Shah, Javed and Hameed, 2010)
   • figure 5: enzymes that use to break down stains from: http://www.renedealwellness.com/how-can-enzymes-help/
   • Societal issues: The use of various enzyme may affect the environment and make some habitats been destroyed.

2. 4. The common uses in the society.

   • stonewash
     • A method that used on jeans, stonewash makes jeans look old. In the past, people used stones to rub the jeans, but stones hurt the fiber of the jeans. As the result, people now using enzymes to make the same illustrations and they will not damage the fiber. (Damhus, Kaasgaard, and Oisen. 2013)
     • figure 3: stonewash by enzymes and different materials from:https://alexieandiris.wordpress.com/2011/07/26/how-to-style-jeans-a-t-shirt/
   • detergents
     • A common material that contains different enzymes to clean the clothes. Normally, it will be added in the wash machines (Damhus, Kaasgaard, and Olsen, 2013)
     • figure 2: the common detergents in the society From:http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2015/08/28/consumer-reports-puts-laundry-detergents-to-the-test/
   • brightening
     • a process that makes the color on the clothes brighter by using enzymes. They remove the dirty fibers on the clothes so that the clothes look like brand new. (Damhus, Kaasgaard, and Olsen, 2013)
   • Economic issue:If the using of enzymes become the tools for making money and the price being raised by businessmen or politicians.

3. 3. THe conditions for the enzymes to work.

   • temperature
     • a scale that generates how cold or hot the subjects are into numbers. Normally, people using Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin as the criteria. Enzymes have to work in a certain degree. (Mukherjee, 2011)
   • pH
     • a scale that determines how acidic or basic the subject is. 1-6 is considered as acidic, 8-14 is considered as basic, and 7 is neutral. Enzymes have to work in a certain pH or they will not work. (Mukherjee, 2011)

4. 2. where are the enzymes come from.

   • fermentation
     • fungi
       • single-celled and multinucleate organisms group together and gain energy by organic compounds( RENGE, KHEDKAR and NANDURKAR, 2012)
       • Figure 1: the imagine of fungi from:http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/garden/443723/How-to-spot-honey-fungus-and-what-to-do-about-it
     • animals
       • eukaryotic organisms that contain various of systems in the bodies. Usually, they are much more complex than single-cellled organisms. (RENGE, KHEDKAR and NANDURKAR, 2012)
         • Ethical Issue: The immoral experiments to the animals may damage the animal and will cause ethical problems
     • bacterias
       • a single-celled organism that can cause diseases and involve in fermentation reaction (RENGE, KHEDKAR and. NANDURKAR, 2012)
     • A metabolic process that usually used to produce energy. (RENGE, KHEDKAR and NANDURKAR, 2012)
     • 1. Fermentation is a metabolic process that happened on animals, fungi, and bacterias.

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