758680
Description
Mind Map by seth.bragg, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by seth.bragg
almost 11 years ago
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Cells
- All living things are
made up of cells, the
way each of these cells
are made are related to
their specific functions
- All plant and animal cells have the following:
- Nucleus: Contains genetic
material, which controls the
activities of the cell
- Cytoplasm: Most
chemical processes
take place here,
controlled by
enzymes
- Cell membrane:
Controls the movement
of substances into and
out of the cell
- Mitochondria: most
energy is released by
respiration here
- Ribosomes: Protein
synthesis happens
here
- Plant cells (and not
animal cells) also have
the following:
- Cell wall: Gives
structure and strength
to the cell
- Chloroplasts: Contain
chlorophyll, which
absorbs light energy for
photosynthesis
- Permanent vacuole: Filled
with cell sap to keep the cell
turgid
- Cell wall: Gives
structure and strength
to the cell
- Nucleus: Contains genetic
material, which controls the
activities of the cell
- Bacteria
- Bacteria are single celled organisms
- They contain cytoplasm and
cell membrane surrounded by
a cell wall
- Its genetic material float in the
cytoplasm because bacteria do
not have nuclei
- Its genetic material float in the
cytoplasm because bacteria do
not have nuclei
- They contain cytoplasm and
cell membrane surrounded by
a cell wall
- Bacteria are single celled organisms
- Yeast
- Yeast is a single celled organism
- Yeast cells contain a
nucleus, cytoplasm and a
cell membrane surrounded
by a cell wall
- Yeast cells contain a
nucleus, cytoplasm and a
cell membrane surrounded
by a cell wall
- Yeast is a single celled organism
- Specialised Cells
- Some cells are specialised
for a specific function
- Leaf cell: in plant, they
absorb light energy for
photosynthesis
- They are packed with
chloroplasts which are regular
shaped, closely packed cells
form a continuous layer of
efficient absorption of sunlight
- They are packed with
chloroplasts which are regular
shaped, closely packed cells
form a continuous layer of
efficient absorption of sunlight
- Root Hair Cell: In plant, absorbs water and
mineral ions from the soil
- They have a long finger like
shape, increasing surface area,
with a very thin wall making the
diffusion process more efficient
- They have a long finger like
shape, increasing surface area,
with a very thin wall making the
diffusion process more efficient
- Sperm cell: In animals, they fertilise
the egg for reproduction
- Their heads contain genetic
information and an enzyme to help
penetrate the egg cell, the middle
section is packed with mitochondria
for energy and the tail moves the
sperm to the egg
- Their heads contain genetic
information and an enzyme to help
penetrate the egg cell, the middle
section is packed with mitochondria
for energy and the tail moves the
sperm to the egg
- Red Blood Cells: In
animals, they contain
haemoglobin to carry
oxygen to the cells
- They have thin outer
membranes to let oxygen
diffuse through easily, their
shape increases the surface
area to allow more oxygen to
be absorbed efficiently and
they have no nucleus so
they cell can contain more
haemoglobin
- They have thin outer
membranes to let oxygen
diffuse through easily, their
shape increases the surface
area to allow more oxygen to
be absorbed efficiently and
they have no nucleus so
they cell can contain more
haemoglobin
- Leaf cell: in plant, they
absorb light energy for
photosynthesis
- Some cells are specialised
for a specific function
- Diffusion
- Dissolved substances have to
pass through the cell membrane to
get into or out of a cell. Diffusion is
one of the processes that allow this
to happen
- Diffusion occurs
when particles spread
moving from a region
of high concentration
to a region where they
are in low
concentration
- Diffusion only happens
when particles are free to
move such as in
dissolved substances
and gases
- Diffusion only happens
when particles are free to
move such as in
dissolved substances
and gases
- Examples
- In the gut digested
food products diffuse
from gut cavities into
the blood
- In the lungs
oxygen diffuses
from the alveoli
into blood
circulating around
the lungs
- In the gut digested
food products diffuse
from gut cavities into
the blood
- Dissolved substances have to
pass through the cell membrane to
get into or out of a cell. Diffusion is
one of the processes that allow this
to happen
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