763157
Description
Mind Map by Stephanie Bates, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Stephanie Bates
about 11 years ago
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Evolutionary Explanations of
Group Display in Humans
- Inc/ chances surviving, passing genes
(EEA) (2-12 million yrs ago). Agg/ =
competition resources + mates
- Agg/ - bet/w groups. Group living=
survive + reproduce (Waller, 2002).
Nat/ selection - favour genes - view
outsiders w/ hostility - affect how
successful obtaining/keeping
resources/mates
- WARFARE
- One cooperative coalition
against another.
- Successfully waging war -
group status - access to
land, resources, mates.
More agg/ + successful =
survive, pass genes.
- Extreme agg/ = injury/death.
Evolutionary purpose = benefits
(e.g.) must outweigh costs (e.g.) to
consider..
- Ev/ - traditional societies similar to
ancestors (EEA). Warfare = modern tribal
societies, Yamomamo, Amazon. Rival
villages (Chagnon, 1968) - conflict access
to women, improve status of tribe
- Pinker (1977) - modern day -
outcome war - secure access
to women. UN report,
20-50,000 Bosnian women
raped - "rape camps" to
impregnate women - new
generation Serb children
- One cooperative coalition
against another.
- SPORTS
- Costs so great - modern society tribal
warfare replaced - ritualised group
displays - serve same evolutionary
functions e.g...without injury/death
- Rugby union - Maori Haka -
ritualised... strength, skill - intimidate
opposition + attract females who
select winning males for reproductive
success on basis of genetic fitness
- Club colours, chanting - intimidate
opposition, arouse supporters, inc/
identification - shows dominance,
ensures survival, attracts mates
- Football crowds - Marsh (1978) - obs/,
interviews w/ supporters - group threat
displays (chanting) - symbolic show of
strength - who would win without violence
- Trivizas (1980) - analysed no. + type
offenses football matches. Very few
serious injury. Achieve dominance
without risk...
- Actual violence occurs - opposing sides
see selves equally dominant. Inc/ violence
at international / local team matches (Evans
+ Rowe, 2002). Meaningful battle group
dominance - risk injury
- Costs so great - modern society tribal
warfare replaced - ritualised group
displays - serve same evolutionary
functions e.g...without injury/death
- IDA - SOCIALLY SENSITIVE RESEARCH - outside
control, excuses crimes (rape in war). Reducing
individual guilt - consequences for society
- IDA - ALTERNATIVE APPROACH - SLT -
learning is important component. Not
complete explanation
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