763307
Description
Mind Map by Bethan Stevenson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bethan Stevenson
about 10 years ago
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Age and EWT
- Children as witnesses
- Parker and Carranza (1989)
- compared primary school children and college students in
their ability to correctly identify a target individual following a
slide sequence of a mock crime. In a photo identification task,
child witnesses had a higher rate of choosing than adult
witnesses, although they were also more likely to make errors
of identification than the college students
- compared primary school children and college students in
their ability to correctly identify a target individual following a
slide sequence of a mock crime. In a photo identification task,
child witnesses had a higher rate of choosing than adult
witnesses, although they were also more likely to make errors
of identification than the college students
- Parker and Carranza (1989)
- age differences in accuracy
- Yarmey (1993)
- stopped 651 adults in
public places and asked
them to recall the physical
characteristics of the young
woman that they'd just
spoken to for 15 seconds, 2
minutes earlier
- although young (18-29) and
middle aged (30-44) were
more confident in their recall
than the older (45-65) adults,
there were no significant
differences in accuracy of
recall that could be attributed
to the ppts age
- although young (18-29) and
middle aged (30-44) were
more confident in their recall
than the older (45-65) adults,
there were no significant
differences in accuracy of
recall that could be attributed
to the ppts age
- stopped 651 adults in
public places and asked
them to recall the physical
characteristics of the young
woman that they'd just
spoken to for 15 seconds, 2
minutes earlier
- Yarmey (1993)
- effects of delay
- Memon et al. (2003) studied the accuracy
of young (16-33) and older (60-82) EWs.
When the delay between 'incident' and
identification was short (35 min), there
was no difference in accuracy for the two
age groups
- but when the identification task was delayed
by one week, older witnesses were
significantly less accurate
- but when the identification task was delayed
by one week, older witnesses were
significantly less accurate
- Memon et al. (2003) studied the accuracy
of young (16-33) and older (60-82) EWs.
When the delay between 'incident' and
identification was short (35 min), there
was no difference in accuracy for the two
age groups
- evaluation
- own-age bias
- part of the reason why older adults show a poor
performance in EW memory tests compared with younger
adults could be because the stimuli typically used
- the majority of studies have tested college-aged students who are asked to correctly identify the faces of similarly aged targets
- but studies of older adults have also tended to
present photographs of college-aged individuals
- as a result, much of the work done on age
differences in EW memory has ignored the
possibility that ppts may simply have superior
memory for faces in their own age group
- as a result, much of the work done on age
differences in EW memory has ignored the
possibility that ppts may simply have superior
memory for faces in their own age group
- but studies of older adults have also tended to
present photographs of college-aged individuals
- the majority of studies have tested college-aged students who are asked to correctly identify the faces of similarly aged targets
- Anastasi and Rhodes (2006)
- use individuals from 3 age groups (18-25; 35-45; and 55-78)
- shown 24 photographs (representing the 3 different
age groups) which they had to rate for attractiveness
- after a short filler activity, they were
presented with 48 photographs
- 24 had been seen
previously and 24 were
acting as 'distractors'
- corrected recognition rates
(hits minus 'false alarms')
showed that the young and
middle-aged ppts were
significantly more accurate
than the older ppts, but all of
the age groups were more
accurate in identifying
photographs from their own
age groups
- 24 had been seen
previously and 24 were
acting as 'distractors'
- after a short filler activity, they were
presented with 48 photographs
- shown 24 photographs (representing the 3 different
age groups) which they had to rate for attractiveness
- use individuals from 3 age groups (18-25; 35-45; and 55-78)
- explaining own-age bias
- findings from this research are
consistent with the findings from
research into the own-race bias
- Brigham and Malpass- (1985)
- the differential experience
hypothesis would suggest
that the more contact we
have with member of a
specific age or ethnic
group, the better our
memory would be for such
individuals
- so the less experience we
have with a particular age
group, the greater the own
age bias
- the perceptual learning hypothesis
suggests that individuals differ in the
amount of expertise they have
acquired for processing the same age
or other age faces. Because
individuals usually encounter
members of their own age group
more regularly, they become more
expert at processing those faces, and
subsequently would show better
memory for them
- so the less experience we
have with a particular age
group, the greater the own
age bias
- the differential experience
hypothesis would suggest
that the more contact we
have with member of a
specific age or ethnic
group, the better our
memory would be for such
individuals
- Brigham and Malpass- (1985)
- findings from this research are
consistent with the findings from
research into the own-race bias
- part of the reason why older adults show a poor
performance in EW memory tests compared with younger
adults could be because the stimuli typically used
- own-age bias
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