Carney and Hazler

2007
Measured the cortisol levels in the saliva of 94 sixth grade students between the ages of 9-14.
1. Also filled out a questionnaire on their experiences of being bullied or watching someone being bullied, plus additional measures of anxiety and trauma.
Cortisol levels were measured first thing in the morning and just before lunch time.
Their findings demonstrate the limitations of the animal research carried out by Delville.
Bullying does appear to cause a spike in cortisol levels.
But it appears that in humans who experience long-term bullying - or the fear of witnessing someone being bullied - have low levels of cortisol.
1. In other words a cortisol deficiency called hypocortisol.
  1. This condition is linked to chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain and post traumatic stress disorder.

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	Created by leonie1997 almost 11 years ago