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820862
C2.2 Structure and Properties
Description
GCSE Chemistry (C2) Mind Map on C2.2 Structure and Properties, created by mhancoc3 on 05/03/2014.
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chemistry
c2
gcse
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mhancoc3
, updated more than 1 year ago
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mhancoc3
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
C2.2 Structure and Properties
Giant Ionic Structures
Ions arranged in a lattice, with strong electrostatic forces
High melting/boiling points as more energy needed to break bonds
Solid ionic compound can not conduct electricity as they are in fixed position. Liquid, ions can move so conduct
Many dissolve in water. Lattice split by water molecules. Ions are free to move, form a solution, conduct
Simple Molecules
Covalent bonds have low melting points
Intermolecular forces
Covalent have weak forces but strong bonds
Atoms in molecule are tight together
Energy between molecules is weak
No overall charge so no chance of conducting electricity
Giant Covalent structures
AKA Macromolecules
Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide
Held by strong convalent bonds
Hard, high melting points,
Graphite has layers
Bonding in graphite
Carbon arranged in hexagons
Has delocalised electrons
can conduct
Fullerenes
Ball/cage shape
Can place things inside the cage
medicine?
Giant Metallic Structures
closely packed layers
Alloys are mixtures of metals, they are harder as the layers can not slide as easily
Explaining the properties
positive ions are held together by a glue of delocalised electrons
these electrons can move so allow a lattice to distort
Shape Memory Alloys
When heated return to their original state
braces and bone broken things
Properties of Polymers
Different Monomers
monomers affect the properties of the polymer
Different reaction conditions
High pressures and a trace of oxygen, ethene makes low density polyethene
Polymer chains are Banches
Catalyst at 50°C and slight pressure makes High Density Polyethene
Chains are closer
Thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers
Thermosoftening melt and untangle their chains
Thermosetting do not melt as they have cross links
Bonding
Thermosoftening is weak
Nanoscience
Science of the smallest of things
nanoparticles behave differently from the materials they are made from
New developements are always good but more research into problems are needed
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