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Qualitative Methods

Tere S. German

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Qualitative Methods

empiricist explanatory studies of norm evolution
interpretative studies, reflecting on social meaning and how the social world is produced
- rejection of scientific inference
NO particular epistemology
Data collection
- interviews *
  - focus groups
    - internet based research
      - archieval/document based research
        monuments/maps/arts
        in any case: TRIANGULATION matters, relying on multiple sources of data
        in order to protect reader from misinformation (e.g. stemming from biased interviews)
        we must be transparent about documents used and NOT used (the scope)
        MAKES VISIBLE inconsistencies (e.g. btw interviews and media reports)
        most common
        primary doc (original)
        secondary doc (ref to original)
        treaties
        official reports
        policy statements
        legislation
        media reports
        distinction: international media sources & newspapers
        newspapers: might be ideologically biased
        detailed insight into organization
        however, no unlimited (full & complete) access
        concealing of day to day practices & dec. making process
        no answer to HOW decisions came about
        question rightness of info by consulting local experts
      - NOT peer-reviewed
        content generated by everyone
        powerful blog entries, social network sites
        on the ground, in the country
        e- government
        press-interview transcripts
        official docs
        legislation
        difficulty: factual/ OR individual opinion
    - form of group interview
      - 6-10 part., 8-52 groups
        how ppl perceive info in context of social interaction
        choice
        less intervention
        aim: objective, empiricist research
        more intervention
        aim: interpretative, qualitative research
  - gain factual data - phenomenon
    - gain perspective of interview participant
      - to learn more about their behavior
    - #1 structured interview
      - to produce quantitative research data
        participant 'select' responses
        pre-written interview Q and categories of responses
        the script must be followed
        ANY deviation distorts findings
        due to structured appr. = missing out on essential insights
      - #2 semi structured interview (* most common) = structure + openness
        target elites
        to explain behavior of Intl Org, MNC, NGO
        to explain foreign policy of states/political event
        = position of influence
        cross-referencing (Vglbarkeit)
        script can be extended by researcher's add. Q
        #3 unstructured interviews
        :) unfiltered perspectives of intv. participant
        broad-open ended questions
        complex, unstructured responses
        must be recorded/no note taking
        researcher: no leading function
        COL armed conflict: security daily life 50y.a./now
Data Analysis
- Content analysis = hybrid
  - discourse analysis
    - =interpretation of linguistic forms of communication
      - official + unofficial discourse
        language constructs the world = plays a "performative role"
        => identities formed through intersubjective understanding
        = to understand WHY and HOW particular discourse EMERGES, BECAME DOMINANT, IS USED BY OTHERS
        speeches. documents. declarations
        #1 selection criteria
        what do we expect to find in them?
        =on behalf of Organizat/state
        issue = representativeness
      - Discourse = NO categorization
        = to understand WHY and HOW actors resorted to specific discourse
        Q: Who is identified as {...}
        Q: How does the discourse legitimizde/delegitimize certain course of action?
        Q: How does discourse make possible certain policy choices?
        Q: In which ways does this discourse limit and enable choices/behavior?
        = relationship btw discourse and cognitive psychology
        = relationship btw discourse and power -> how it empowers and disempowers certain groups (Focault)
        = relationship discourse and the context
        the negotiation of agency, responsibility and blame
        the role of hegemonic discourses in shaping the others’ problems and the solutions to them
        the effects of discourses in shaping experiences and views in postcolonial society
        how inferiority is constructed in public texts, including policy, media and cultural texts
        What is hidden?
  - textual data/photos/TV prog/art into numbers
    - #2 categorization
      - coding
        finding synonyms representing the concept
        armed conflict = #violence #fear #post-trauma #accountability
        counting of he/she (gender)
        counting we/they (categories)
        aim: identifying specific trends/patterns
        in communication
      - deductive
        creation of categories in advance
        C1 FARC. C2 GOVT C3 COL C4 NGO
        aim: to discern correlations via statistics
        inductive
        identification of categories while reading
        aim: to use data descriptively
    - EXP: media coverage of an issue
    - #1. selection criteria
      - (inter)national coverage
        language
        timeframe

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Description: Mind Map on Qualitative Methods, created by Tere S. on 24/03/2017.
Created by: Tere S. · Mar 2017
Updated: Mar 24, 2017
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Qualitative Methods

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