Chapter 7: Human Memory

Chapter 7: Human Memory

1. Memory processes

   • Encoding - forming a memory code
     • Storage - Maintaining encoded information in memory over time
       • Retrieval - Recovering information from memory stores

2. Short term memory

   • A limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to 20 seconds
   • Maintenance rehersal - you are simply maintaining the information in consciousness
   • Elaborative rehearsal - The subject is increasing the probability that they will retain the information in the future.

3. Long term memory

   • Unlimited capacity store that can hold information over a long period of time.

4. Flashbulb memories

   • Are unusually vivid and detailed recollections of monumental events

5. Clustering, Hierarchies, and Schemas

   • Clustering - Tendency to remember similar or related items in groups.
   • Conceptual hierarchy - A multilevel classification system based on common properties among items
   • Schema - An organised cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event.

6. Forgetting and Misinformation

   • Misinformation effect - When a subject's recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading postevent information
   • Recall and Recognition
     • Recall - Measure of retention requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any cues.
     • Recognition - measure of retention requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options