845003
Functions of
sleep
evolutionary
theory
- Energy conservation
- warm-blooded animals
need to expend energy to
maintain a constant body
temperature
- particularly problematic
for for small animals with
high metabolism rates
- particularly problematic
for for small animals with
high metabolism rates
- all activities use energy
and animals with high
metabolism rates use
more energy
- sleep serves as the
purpose of providing a
period inactivity -
hibernation - as a
means of conserving
energy
- warm-blooded animals
need to expend energy to
maintain a constant body
temperature
- Foraging requirements
- sleep is a necessity, the
time spent sleeping may
be constrained by food
requirements
- herbivores spend their
time eating plants that
are relatively poor in
nutrients
- as a result they must
spend a great deal of
their time eating and
therefore cannot spend
'afford' to spend time
sleeping
- as a result they must
spend a great deal of
their time eating and
therefore cannot spend
'afford' to spend time
sleeping
- carnivores eat food that
is high in nutrients and so
do not need to eat
continuously
- therefore they can 'afford' to
rest much of the time and by
resting they can conserve
energy
- therefore they can 'afford' to
rest much of the time and by
resting they can conserve
energy
- sleep is a necessity, the
time spent sleeping may
be constrained by food
requirements
- Predator avoidance
- sleep is constrained
by predation risk
- if an animal is a
predator then it can
sleep for longer
- if an animal is prey
their sleep time is
reduced as they must
remain vigilant to
avoid predators
- sleep is constrained
by predation risk
- Waste of time
- Meddis (1975) sleep
helps animals to stay out
of the way of predators
during parts of the day that
they are most vunerable
- for most animals this
means sleeping during dark
hours and in places where
they would be hidden
- sleep may simply ensure
that animals stay still when
they have nothing better to
do with their time
- for most animals this
means sleeping during dark
hours and in places where
they would be hidden
- Siegel/Young (2008) being
awake is riskier than
sleeping because an animal
is more likely to be injured
- sleep enables both energy
conservation and keeping an
individual out of danger
- sleep enables both energy
conservation and keeping an
individual out of danger
- Meddis (1975) sleep
helps animals to stay out
of the way of predators
during parts of the day that
they are most vunerable
- IDA
- fails to address key aspects of sleep
such as why we have such a strong
drive for sleep when deprived
- Horne (1988) suggested
a distinction between core
and optional sleep
- core sleep is mainly SWS and is
the vital portion of sleep that an
organism requires for essential
body and brain processes
- optional sleep is mainly
REM sleep and is
dispensible
- believes that optional sleep has the
function of occupying unproductive
hours and, in the case of small
animals, of conserving energy
- core sleep is mainly SWS and is
the vital portion of sleep that an
organism requires for essential
body and brain processes
- fails to address key aspects of sleep
such as why we have such a strong
drive for sleep when deprived
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