Liverpool

Liverpool

1. Population

   • Peak - 850000 in 1931
   • Increased because of industrial revolution
     • Decreased after industrial revolution
       • Less jobs in factories
     • More jobs = higher population
     • Also migration from Ireland
       • Famine

2. Social deprivation

   • How much community lacks things essential for decent life
     • Work
     • Money
     • Housing
     • Services
       • School
       • Medicine
       • Infrastructure
   • Evidence
     • Worse health than adverage
       • Obesity
         • 23.7% children
         • 26% adults
     • Life expectancy
       • -10.3 years for men
       • -9.0 for women

3. Migration into Liverpool

   • Positives
     • Economy benefits
     • More development
     • Increased tourism
       • More jobs
     • More culture
     • Young migrants balance ageing population
   • Negatives
     • Overcrowding
     • Pollution
       • Noise
     • Less jobs available
     • House price increases
     • Built on green belt areas

4. Air pollution

   • Above EU limits
   • 2013 it was announced one of 5 cities with harmful pollution levels
   • Main cause = car fumes
   • Higher than average lung cancer and respiratory diseases

5. Walrus card

   • Merseytravel - integrated bus, train & ferry network
   • Easier and more convenient
   • 100,000 people use bus to get to work
     • 60,000 to get to school
   • Cheaper fares for <18

6. Cycling

   • "Get more people cycling more often"
   • How
     • Safer environment for cycling
       • Cycling paths
       • Training users
   • Outcomes
     • Better health
     • Cleaner environment
       • Air quality
     • Economy benefits
     • Less congestion
   • Success?
     • 25% increase in people using bikes

7. Urban greening

   • Important
     • Trees produce oxygen & take in CO2
     • Reduces danger of flooding
     • Aesthetic
     • Habitats
   • Small / large scale
     • Bird feeders
     • Connecting parks
   • Eg in Liverpool
     • Chavasse park
       • 5 acres of gardens
       • Green Flag award 3 years in a row