Mind Map: Mezzogiorno

Primary Activities
1. Farming
  1. Soils, relief, climate
    1. Mts/Hills
      1. Transhumance
        Sheep & goats
      2. Tree crops
        lower slopes
        Binds soil
        Olive
        Drought resistant
        Shallow roots
        Waxy leaves
        Pears
        Citrus fruits
        2/3 from Sicily
    2. Coastal plain
      1. Maize
      2. Winter wheat
      3. Grapes
    3. too hot for grass
      1. no dairy
        Buffalo
        Mozzarella
  2. Problems
    1. Relief, soils, climate
    2. Lack of irrigation
    3. Ownership
    4. Traditional
    5. Drought
  3. The Cassa
    1. 1950's fund
    2. Develop the Mezz
      1. 29,000km of roads
      2. Metapontino
        Drained swamps
        Irrigation
    3. 70% of budget spent on farming
    4. Bought 10% of Latifundia
  4. Land ownership
    1. Latifundia
      1. Minifundia 3-6 hectares
        Braccianti
        Over farmed
        Traditional & labor intensive
      2. Absentee landlords
2. 50% of farmers here
Physical
1. Relief
  1. Apeninnes
    1. Back bone of Italy
    2. 85%
  2. 15% flat
    1. Coastal plains
      1. Some drained marshes
  3. Fault lines
    1. Mt Vesuvius
    2. Mt Etna
2. Drainage
  1. Few rivers
    1. Climate
      1. Evaporation
      2. Little rainfall
    2. Limestone
      1. Swallow holes
    3. Low volume
    4. R.Bradano
3. Climate
  1. Summer
    1. N.E. Wind
      1. Dry
      2. High pressure
    2. Avg 26 degrees
  2. Winter
    1. Mild
      1. Avg 9 degrees
    2. Low pressure
    3. Sirocco winds
      1. Burns crops
  3. Mediteraneann
  4. Rainfall
    1. 500mm - 900mm
    2. Frontal
    3. Convectional in summer
    4. East in rain shadow
4. Soil
  1. Thin in mountains
    1. Leached
  2. Alluvium on floodplains
  3. Terra Rossa
    1. Red
    2. High Iron
    3. Fertile but needs water
  4. Limestone bedrock
    1. Apulia has Granite bedrock
  5. Volcanic soil
Secondary
1. Lack of access
  1. Far from markets
    1. Local market small & poor
  2. 1,100km from Calabria to Rome
  3. Not attractive to MNC's
  4. Roads narrow & winding
    1. Relief impacts rail
    2. Tunnels expensive
  5. Political isolation
2. Raw materials
  1. Lacks natural resources
  2. Lacks power
    1. No HEP
    2. Gas from Algeria
  3. Vitamins, Olive oil, canned fruit, pasta
3. Unskilled workforce
  1. Few cities
  2. Older population
  3. 7 times less likely to got to college
  4. Brain drain
4. The Cassa
  1. Ind triangle; Bari, Brindisi & Tranto
  2. Vanoni plan
    1. Private Ind
      1. Tax breaks
      2. Ind Estates
      3. Improve access
      4. Fiat & Alpha Romeo
  3. State companies invest 60%
    1. Steel & petrochemicals
      1. But cost more monet than made jobs
        Switch to traditional Ind
        1.4 million in manufactuing
Tertiary
1. Transport
  1. Autostrada del sole
  2. Por of Gio Tauro
    1. Containers
    2. 9th in Europe
    3. Cruises
  3. 2x times as many airports in north than south
    1. New airport in Calabria
  4. Cassa spent 2.5 billion
  5. Ferries to islands
2. Attractions
  1. Climate
    1. Skiing in Mts
  2. Landscape
    1. Volcanoes
    2. Amalfi coast
      1. Sorrento
    3. Islands
      1. Sicily
      2. Capri
  3. Naples
    1. Pompeii
    2. Musuems
    3. Opera
    4. Home of the pizza
3. 17 million a year
  1. 11 million domestic
    1. Seasonal
4. 76% work in this sector
  1. seasonal
Human
1. 21 million pop
  1. Uneven
2. Stage 5
  1. Ageing
  2. 140 per sq km
  3. low as 50 per sq km
  4. Naples; 400 per sq km
    1. 3 mill in Naples
      1. In migration
        Poverty
        Greek, N. African & Italian
        Mixed culture & dialects
        Med crises
        2% foreigners
        Many Albanians
      2. Life expectancy improved
        82
3. Birth rates are high
  1. Family size is small

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Mind Map: Mezzogiorno

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	Created by Steven Morgan about 7 years ago