Mind Map: Mezzogiorno

Mind Map: Mezzogiorno

1. Primary Activities

   • Farming
     • Soils, relief, climate
       • Mts/Hills
         • Transhumance
           • Sheep & goats
         • Tree crops
           • lower slopes
           • Binds soil
           • Olive
             • Drought resistant
             • Shallow roots
             • Waxy leaves
           • Pears
           • Citrus fruits
             • 2/3 from Sicily
       • Coastal plain
         • Maize
         • Winter wheat
         • Grapes
       • too hot for grass
         • no dairy
           • Buffalo
             • Mozzarella
     • Problems
       • Relief, soils, climate
       • Lack of irrigation
       • Ownership
       • Traditional
       • Drought
     • The Cassa
       • 1950's fund
       • Develop the Mezz
         • 29,000km of roads
         • Metapontino
           • Drained swamps
           • Irrigation
       • 70% of budget spent on farming
       • Bought 10% of Latifundia
     • Land ownership
       • Latifundia
         • Minifundia 3-6 hectares
           • Braccianti
           • Over farmed
           • Traditional & labor intensive
         • Absentee landlords
   • 50% of farmers here

2. Physical

   • Relief
     • Apeninnes
       • Back bone of Italy
       • 85%
     • 15% flat
       • Coastal plains
         • Some drained marshes
     • Fault lines
       • Mt Vesuvius
       • Mt Etna
   • Drainage
     • Few rivers
       • Climate
         • Evaporation
         • Little rainfall
       • Limestone
         • Swallow holes
       • Low volume
       • R.Bradano
   • Climate
     • Summer
       • N.E. Wind
         • Dry
         • High pressure
       • Avg 26 degrees
     • Winter
       • Mild
         • Avg 9 degrees
       • Low pressure
       • Sirocco winds
         • Burns crops
     • Mediteraneann
     • Rainfall
       • 500mm - 900mm
       • Frontal
       • Convectional in summer
       • East in rain shadow
   • Soil
     • Thin in mountains
       • Leached
     • Alluvium on floodplains
     • Terra Rossa
       • Red
       • High Iron
       • Fertile but needs water
     • Limestone bedrock
       • Apulia has Granite bedrock
     • Volcanic soil

3. Secondary

   • Lack of access
     • Far from markets
       • Local market small & poor
     • 1,100km from Calabria to Rome
     • Not attractive to MNC's
     • Roads narrow & winding
       • Relief impacts rail
       • Tunnels expensive
     • Political isolation
   • Raw materials
     • Lacks natural resources
     • Lacks power
       • No HEP
       • Gas from Algeria
     • Vitamins, Olive oil, canned fruit, pasta
   • Unskilled workforce
     • Few cities
     • Older population
     • 7 times less likely to got to college
     • Brain drain
   • The Cassa
     • Ind triangle; Bari, Brindisi & Tranto
     • Vanoni plan
       • Private Ind
         • Tax breaks
         • Ind Estates
         • Improve access
         • Fiat & Alpha Romeo
     • State companies invest 60%
       • Steel & petrochemicals
         • But cost more monet than made jobs
           • Switch to traditional Ind
           • 1.4 million in manufactuing

4. Tertiary

   • Transport
     • Autostrada del sole
     • Por of Gio Tauro
       • Containers
       • 9th in Europe
       • Cruises
     • 2x times as many airports in north than south
       • New airport in Calabria
     • Cassa spent 2.5 billion
     • Ferries to islands
   • Attractions
     • Climate
       • Skiing in Mts
     • Landscape
       • Volcanoes
       • Amalfi coast
         • Sorrento
       • Islands
         • Sicily
         • Capri
     • Naples
       • Pompeii
       • Musuems
       • Opera
       • Home of the pizza
   • 17 million a year
     • 11 million domestic
       • Seasonal
   • 76% work in this sector
     • seasonal

5. Human

   • 21 million pop
     • Uneven
   • Stage 5
     • Ageing
     • 140 per sq km
     • low as 50 per sq km
     • Naples; 400 per sq km
       • 3 mill in Naples
         • In migration
           • Poverty
           • Greek, N. African & Italian
             • Mixed culture & dialects
           • Med crises
           • 2% foreigners
           • Many Albanians
         • Life expectancy improved
           • 82
   • Birth rates are high
     • Family size is small