8874422
Description
Mind Map by Jamie Sparks, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jamie Sparks
about 9 years ago
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1.1 System Architecture
- Hardware
- The physical
components of
a computer
- The physical
components of
a computer
- Software
- Virtual programs that
a computer can run
- Virtual programs that
a computer can run
- Input & Output Devices
- Input - A device which transmits data into the computer.
- Output - A device which presents the output to the user.
- Input - A device which transmits data into the computer.
- Von Neumann & Harvard
- Neumann came up with the idea that programs
and data could be stored in the same memory
unit.
- With Harvard, these were stored in
separate memory units and entering or
altering programs was harder.
- Neumann came up with the idea that programs
and data could be stored in the same memory
unit.
- CPU (Centural Processing Unit)
- CU – Control Unit • Controls
activities in the CPU (Such as
flow of data between CPU and
other parts) • Makes FDE cycle
happens in order • Decodes
instructions • Executes
instructions
- ALU – Arithmetic and Logic Unit • Performs logical
operations (AND, OR, NOT) • Shift operations •
Arithmetic operations (+,-, *, / )
- Cache • Sits
between the
CPU and RAM.
Very fast.
Holds
frequently
used data so
that the
processor
doesn’t have to
keep going
back and forth
to the RAM.
- CU – Control Unit • Controls
activities in the CPU (Such as
flow of data between CPU and
other parts) • Makes FDE cycle
happens in order • Decodes
instructions • Executes
instructions
- FetchDecodeExicute
Cycle
- Factors that affect speed
- Clock speed – Number of
instructions that can be carried
out in a second (Hz) – These
days in Ghz (Billion)
- Number of processor cores – Each core processes
data independently of the rest. The more cores, the
faster it can process. These days we have dual or
quad cores but can have up to 6 or 8.
- Cache size – A larger cache gives the
CPU faster access to commonly used
data. It is faster than RAM.
- Clock speed – Number of
instructions that can be carried
out in a second (Hz) – These
days in Ghz (Billion)
- Special purpose CPU registers
- Program
Counter –
Holds the
memory
address
of the
instruction
for
each
cycle
- Program
Counter –
Holds the
memory
address of the
instruction for
each cycle
- MDR –
Memory Data
Register -
Holds data or
instructions
that have
been fetched
from memory
- Accumulator
–
Stores
the
results
of
the
calculations
done
by
the
ALU
- Program
Counter –
Holds the
memory
address
of the
instruction
for
each
cycle
- Embedded System
- Embedded system – A
computer system built
into another device
(usually designed for a
specific purpose)
- Embedded system – A
computer system built
into another device
(usually designed for a
specific purpose)
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