Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and Solutions

1. Solubility

   • There is limit of solute being dissolved by solvent
   • The dissolving time depends on the material

2. Saturated

   • It is when there are more materials are added to the solvent until it can't dissolve anymore
   • The time when solvent are finished attracting and dissolving the solute inside.
   • The saturated solution has lots of materials/solute inside the solvent. The particles inside the solvent always moves around the places. The particles tries to dissolve the solute by water particles moving around the areas. The water particles are trying to carry the solute far away. Then the solute will be spread to other places. That will make them dissolved.

3. Unsaturated

   • It is when the amount of mixture is added very little.
   • There are more solvent than solute in the solution

4. Dissolving

   • Rate of dissolving
     • The mixture will be dissolved faster at higher temperature.
   • Factors affect dissolving
     • Temperature
     • Stirring or shaking
     • Crushing(Surface Area)
     • Pressure
   • It is when you create a solution by combining 2 or more things.

5. Homogeneous

   • Mixture that is well mixed with other materials.
     • It is when solute is well mixed with solvent
       • Solvent
         • Solvent is a thing that is added to solvent.
       • Solute is always dissolved in the solvent
         • Solute
           • The solute is material that is added into the solvent.
   • Solution
     • When there are different materials that are well mixed and when they are mixed as one property, it is called 'SOLUTION'.
     • Liquid solution
       • Hot chocolate: Milk, cocoa powder
     • Solid solution
       • Steel: It is made of carbon atoms
     • Gas solution
       • Air: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and more of other gases

6. Heterogeneous

   • It is when the added substance/solute can't be mixed as one mixture.
     • When oil is in water it is heterogeneous

7. Super saturated

   • It is when the thing has been heated to dissolve the maximum amount of solute in the container/thing. After the stage, the substance should be cooled down without stirring or any movement.

8. Particle theory

   • Every matters have particles
   • The particles are always moving around the places
   • There are some particles that are attracted to another particle
   • Particles in the pure substances have same kind of particles
     • The particles always have distance between them

9. States of matter

   • Solid
     • It has exact volume and it also have definite shape
     • Small distances, low energy, little movement
   • Liquid
     • It has accurate volume and no definite shape
     • Distances, more energy, more movement
   • Gas
     • It has no specific volume and no definite shape(air)
     • Maximum distance, high engery, lot of movement
   • Changes in state
     • It happens when the physical state of the thing is changed to another state
     • Steps of changing
       • Melting==> Solid to liquid
       • Vaporization==> Liquid to gas
       • Condensation==>Gas to liquid
       • Freezing==> Liquid to solid(solidification)
       • Sublimation==> Gas to solid/Solid to gas(dry ice, frost)
       • Evaporation==> Slow vaporization, happens when the temperature changes
       • Boiling==> Fast vaporization, Happens at a specific temperature(100˚C)
       • Freezing/Melting point==> Each substance has temperature(Water turns into solid in 0˚C).