9014091
Description
Cognitive Approach (1)
- Study of internal mental processes
- Scientifically
studied
- Studied
indirectly by
making
inferences
- Invisible
Gorilla
experiment-
Simons and
Chabris
- Only 54% noticed
gorilla or
umbrella-carrying
woman
- Asked to
count
number of
passes of the
ball
- 4
conditions
- Transparent-gorilla
- Transparent-umbrella
woman
- Opaque- gorilla
- Opaque- umbrella woman
- Transparent-gorilla
- 4
conditions
- Harder task (transparent) less noticed
unexpected event
- Only 54% noticed
gorilla or
umbrella-carrying
woman
- Scientifically
studied
- Role of the schema
- A mental framework of beliefs and
expectations that influence cognitive
processing. They develop from experience
- Helps interpret
information
received
- Babies are born
with simple
schema e.g.
sucking
- Becomes
more
detailed
as
get
older
- Helps
process
information
quickly
- Prevents being
overwhelmed
by
environmental
stimuli
- Unique to individuals
- 'War of the
Ghosts'- Bartlett-
1932- story
changes over
time
- A mental framework of beliefs and
expectations that influence cognitive
processing. They develop from experience
- Use of theoretical and
computer models to
explain and make
inferences about mental
processes
- Computer models
- Similarities in
human mind
and computer
processing
- Central
processing unit (brain),
coding, 'stores'
to hold
information
- Similarities in
human mind
and computer
processing
- Theoretical model
- e.g.
Multi-store
model
of
memory
- e.g.
information
processing
approach-
information
goes
through
stages: info
output,
storage and
retrieval
- e.g.
Multi-store
model
of
memory
- Computer models
- Emergence
of cognitive
neuroscience
- Influence
of brain
structures
on mental
processes
- Advances in brain
imaging techniques
e.g. fMRI
- Now able to
describe and
observe
neurological basis
of mental
processes
- e.g. finding episodic and
semantic memory in opposite
sides of prefrontal cortex
- e.g. finding episodic and
semantic memory in opposite
sides of prefrontal cortex
- Help find
neurological
basis for
some mental
disorders
- e.g.
parahippocampus
gyrus and OCD
- e.g.
parahippocampus
gyrus and OCD
- Now able to
describe and
observe
neurological basis
of mental
processes
- Influence
of brain
structures
on mental
processes
- +/-
- Scientific and objective measures
- Controlled
methods
to study
e.g. lab
studies
- Enabled
cognitive
neuroscience
to form
- Enabled
cognitive
neuroscience
to form
- Controlled
methods
to study
e.g. lab
studies
- Applications
- Applied to
practical and
theoretical
contexts
- e.g.
contributions
to artificial
intelligence
- e.g. therapy types
- CBT
- CBT
- e.g.
contributions
to artificial
intelligence
- Applied to
practical and
theoretical
contexts
- Machine reductionism
- Similarities between mind
and computer e.g. input,
output, central processor
- Ignores
human
motivation
and
emotion
- e.g. influence
accurate recall
in EWT
- Is oversimplifying
- e.g. influence
accurate recall
in EWT
- Ignores
human
motivation
and
emotion
- Similarities between mind
and computer e.g. input,
output, central processor
- Lacks external validity
- Only infer mental
processes from
behaviour
observed
- Is too
abstract
and
theoretical
- Is too
abstract
and
theoretical
- Research
uses
artificial
stimuli
- e.g. recall list
- May not represent everyday
situations
- e.g. recall list
- Only infer mental
processes from
behaviour
observed
- Scientific and objective measures
- Assumptions
- Thought
processes
should be
scientifically
studied
- How someone
behaves can be
used to make
inferences
about their
behaviour
- Mind is like a computer
- Produces behaviour
as a results of
information
inputted into our
senses
- Produces behaviour
as a results of
information
inputted into our
senses
- Thought
processes
should be
scientifically
studied
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