Evidence for the structure of the earth

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A level Geology (Earth) Mind Map on Evidence for the structure of the earth, created by mbaker25 on 15/05/2013.
mbaker25
Mind Map by mbaker25, updated more than 1 year ago
mbaker25
Created by mbaker25 almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Evidence for the structure of the earth
  1. Direct
    1. Geothermal gradient
      1. The average geothermal gradient of the earth is about 25 degrees
        1. The temperature gradient is lower in the mantle
          1. Radioactive heat production is concentrate within the crust
            1. The mechanism of thermal transport changes form conduction within the rigid lithosphere plates, to convection in the asthenosphere and the upper mantle, and this transports the heat differently
          2. Volcanoes bring magma form depth
            1. Mines and Boreholes
              1. Ophiolite suites-ocean crust on land
                1. During the collision of plates, sections of oceanic crust may be broken off a descending oceanic plate and thrust onto the edge of the continental plat, instead of being carried down into the mantle
                  1. They may be exposed to erosion
              2. Indirect
                1. Seismic waves
                  1. P and S waves are seismic waves that travel through the layers of the earth
                    1. body waves
                      1. faster if the rock becomes more rigid and more incompressible
                        1. slower if the rock becomes more dense
                    2. The shadow zone
                      1. Where P and S waves cannot pass
                        1. Seismic waves are refracted at the Gutenberg discontinuity
                      2. Density
                        1. Meteorites
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