The Indian Wars

The Indian Wars

Treaties
1. Fort Laramie Treaty 1851
2. The Fort Wise Treaty 1861
Little Crow's War
1. 1861 crops failed
2. In August 1862, Little Crow and his Warriors attacked the Agency and took food
3. People were starving
4. The army were called in. By October they were beaten
5. Sent to a smaller reservation
Sand Creek Massacre
1. 1864
2. The Cheyenne raided wagons for food, but left migrants unharmed
3. Black kettle (Chief) met with government officials and the army
4. The army massacred his camp, over 450 people, when they were waving white flags
  1. Massacre of men, women and children
Red Cloud's War
1. 1865-8
2. Red Cloud attacked migrants
3. 1866 the government set up talks. Red Cloud left after learning that the army planned two more forts on the trail
4. Red Cloud joined Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
  1. They fought in the winter (not their custom)
  2. They surrounded Fort Kearney in December 1866
  3. Continued raiding
5. The government abandoned the forts and the Bozeman Trail
6. Red Cloud moved to a reservation in Dakota
The Great Sioux War
1. 1876-77
2. Fort Laramie Treaty broken when the Northern Pacific Railroad crossed Indian land
  1. Prospectors rushed in to stake their claim at Gold found by Custer in 1874
3. The government offered to buy the Black Hills for $6 million
  1. The Indians refused. The government gave them 60 days to leave
    1. Impossible due to deep snow
4. By spring 1876, over 7,000 Indians were ready for war
  1. Moved to Little Bighorn
5. The Battle of Little Bighorn
  1. 25 June 1876
  2. Custer attacked despite having split his men, exhausted them and not having enough weapons
    1. He refused Gatling guns
    2. Only fought with 255 men
  3. After an hour, Custer and his men were dead
  4. Changed government policy towards the Indians. Huge pressure from the public to wipe out the Indians, as Custer was a civil war hero
Battle of Wounded Knee
1. 29 December 1890
2. The army caught up with Big Foot's group and took them to Wounded Knee
3. The army began to disarm them. The Indians began to dance. Shooting broke out
4. Ten minutes later 250 Indians and 25 soldiers were dead

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