Seperating mixtures, distillation, and chromatography

Seperating mixtures, distillation, and chromatography

1. Mixture

   • Two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together

2. Distillation

   • Method of seperating liquids due to differences in boiling point. Involves both evaporation and condensation stages.
   • Seperating a soluble solid from a solvent and collecting the solvent
     • Purifying sea water to collect usable water
   • Solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent
     • The vapour given off enters a condenser
       • The hot vapour is cooled and condensed back into a liquid for collection in a recieving vessel

3. Fractional distillation

   • A process for seperating a mixture of liquids with different of liquids
   • Used to make crude oil by s

4. Compound

   • Two or more substances that are chemically bonded together

5. Techniques for seperating mixtures

   • Filtration
   • Crystallisation
   • Distillation
   • Chromatography

6. Chromatography

   • Seperates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromatography paper
     • A capillary tube is used to dab a spot of the solution on a pencil line near the bottom of the sheet of chromatography paper
       • The paper is placed standing in a solvent at the bottom of a beaker
         • The solvent is allowed to soak up the paper, running through the spot of mixture
           • The more soluble a substance is the further it will run up the paper it is carried